Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality around the world, with 85% of cases identified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic subtype in the US and accounts for more than 50% of all NSCLC. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase are found in approximately 15% of NSCLC adenocarcinoma in the US (and up to 62% in Asia) and is more common in nonsmokers. The presence of such a mutation is associated with a more favorable prognosis and predicts for sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib. Treatment is well tolerated, with mild common adverse side effects of skin rash and diarrhea. However, increased experience with the use of these drugs has led to reports of rare serious adverse effects such as interstitial lung disease.

The most past studies, analyzing the venture capital investments concluded a strong correlation between macro-economic, institutional and entrepreneurial conditions as well as divestment strategies. The purpose of this study is to find out the economic impact of macroeconomic environment and institutional quality on LBO fundraising, using a panel dataset of 19 European countries over 2001-2010. The empirical results confirm the importance of some factors and show that the unemployment rate, interest rate, trade sale and IPO divestments are important determinants in the European LBO market.

Background: Recurrent hernias are still relatively common in our practice. Despite the introduction of several therapeutic improvements, recurrent hernias still appear in 10- 15%. Therefore, reasons for a recurrence are discussed in a more fundamental way. It is assumed that a failure mainly depends on the quality of the repair. Aim: This study aimed to review and assesses the clinical presentation of recurrent hernia and predisposing factors to recurrent hernia deal with the therapeutic options for management of recurrent hernia and evaluate the postoperative complications. Patients and methods: Patients with incisional hernia and recurrent hernia referred for the surgical department at Khartoum Teaching Hospital, during the period for 15 months were prospectively studied using a structured questionnaire. Results: Fifty patients were treated during study period. M: F ratio is 2:3. The age range was range between 21 to 80 years with mean age of 47 years. The majority of cases were incisional hernia n=34(68%). The index surgeries leading to the incisional hernia were caesarian section n=19 (38%), exploratory laparotomy n=13 (26%). The only significant factor associated with development of the incisional and recurrent hernia was physical activity such as heavy lifting n=34(68%) P-value= 0.011. Other factor like overweight, multiple surgeries and when operator was a junior registrar were not significant. Seroma formation was the most common postoperative complication seen in about n=47 (94%) of the patients. Conclusion: Incisional hernia is more common in lower segment caesarean sections and exploratory laparotomy. Recurrent inguinal hernias are more common with heavy lifting and conventional non mesh repair P-value=.005.

As an important part in academic writing, meta discourse has got considerable attention in recent years. Abstract plays an important role in academic writings and it reflects the main contents of the whole papers. Based on the theory of metadiscourse and the classifications of Hyland, this study compared the different frequency and usage of metadiscourse in mathematical and linguistic academic papers. Two small abstracts corpora were compiled in this study including 30 mathematical and 30 linguistic abstracts of academic papers from Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Science Citation Index (SCI) journals. The results showed that there appeared more metadiscourse in the abstracts of linguistic academic papers than mathematical academic papers. Interactive meta discourse was adopted more than interactional metadiscourse in abstracts of the two disciplines. In the use of interactive meta discourse, both disciplines demonstrated the same trends in the frequencies of five sub-categories. Regarding interactional metadiscourse, hedges were the most frequently used meta discourse markers in linguistic academic papers while self mentions were most frequently used in mathematics. It is suggested that more interactive meta discourse should be used in abstracts of both arts and science academic papers.

This paper discusses internal complexity of assets and option pricing. We review the Black-Scholes-Merton equation within economic space point of view. We argue reasons for economic space definition and discuss it’s application for options pricing. Our approach allows revise classical Black-Sholes-Merton model and discovers hidden complication for truthful pricing of assets and options. We derive Black-Sholes-Merton equation on n-dimensional economic space and argue tough problems that should be solved to make option pricing more accurate.

This paper presents the outcome of an experimental and theoretical investigation into the loadcarrying capacity of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) I-section beams subjected to four-point loading. The overall lateral-torsional buckling, web and flange local buckling as well as material rupture load estimates are also made using the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Load and Resistance Factor Design (ASCELRFD) Pre-Standard for FRP Structures. Lateral-torsional buckling failure mode is found to govern for each of the beams studied. The study also revealed that the height of applied loads relative to the shear center has a very significant influence on lateral-torsional buckling load of a beam thus making ASCELRFD buckling load estimates over-conservative in a vareity of cases.

Various image retrieval methods are derived using local features, and among them the local binary pattern (LBP) approach is very famous. The basic disadvantage of these methods is they completely fail in representing features derived from large or macro structures or regions, which are very much essential to represent natural images. To address this multi block LBP are proposed in the literature. The other disadvantage of LBP and LTP based methods are they derive a coded image which ranges 0 to 255 and 0 to 3561 respectively. If one wants to integrate the structural texture features by deriving grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), then GLCM ranges from 256 x 256 and 3562 x 3562 in case of LBP and LTP respectively. The present paper proposes a new scheme called multi region quantized LBP (MR-QLBP) to overcome the above disadvantages by quantizing the LBP codes on a multi-region, thus to derive more precisely and comprehensively the texture features to provide a better retrieval rate. The proposed method is experimented on Corel database and the experimental results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method over the other methods.

The case is that of 69 year old female who went on vacation and fell on her knees. She noticed progressive swelling of both legs over 2 weeks duration. During this period she gained 44 pounds in weight. She presented with sudden onset of edema of the lower extremity and weigh gain. She had 16 g/day of proteinuria. Past medical history is significant of hypertension of unknown duration. She had never seen a doctor in the last year. Her laboratory data showed 30 grams protein in 24 hrs urine, and her serum creatinine was 1.7 mg/dl. The baseline serum creatinine was not known.

Capital market (Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange) have multiple and significant roles in the development of nation’s economy. They provide avenues for investment and capital acquisition and can provide an indication of overall economic condition (Stock Market Crisis: Hasan; The Financial Express, 12 July 2012). The stock market is the engine of growth for an economy, and performs a critical role in acting as an intermediary between savers and companies seeking additional financing for business expansion. Vibrant capital is likely to support a robust economy. While lending by commercial banks provides valuable initial support for corporate growth, a developed stock-market is an important prerequisite for moving into a more mature growth phase with more sophisticated conglomerates

To further improve thermal efficiency, Miller Cycle was applied to a turbo-charged 338 kW gas engine. Different methods of Miller Cycle were analyzed, including three Early Intake- Valve Closing (EIVC) methods and three Late Intake-Valve Closing (LIVC) methods. After the relatively suitable methods were chosen, the combination of the Miller Cycle and higher compression ratio was extensively investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the combination of intake valves closing 40°CA earlier(EIVC40) and the compression ratio increasing to 13, the maximum thermal efficiency reached 47% and it is about 5~7% higher than the original cycle.