The paper describes the social organization of boxing gym “Tranvieri”, located in Bolognina, a working class neighbourhood in the city of Bologna which has been rapidly changing over the last twenty years due to the closing of factories and the arrival of immigrants, especially from Maghreb. The gym population has changed accordingly: currently about two thirds of those attending the gym as a leisure centre are children of immigrants. I studied the practices of everyday life by these young boxers born in Italy but without citizenship who daily frequent this gym once finished vocational school, work, family responsibilities. Boxing is for them not a solution to the frustration inflicted by a social world they perceive as indifferent if not hostile towards them, rather the possibility of not being represented in it as excluded people.

Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV is included as one of the strategy for HIV/AIDS prevention in HIV/AIDS policy, yet very little is known about what determines VCT services. This study attempts to identify determinants of Voluntary HIV counseling and testing among Addis Ababa University undergraduate students, Ethiopia. The study design was cross-sectional, including both quantitative and qualitative methods. By using multi-stage sampling technique comprising a total of 860 students were selected. Quantitative data were collected through self administered questionnaire and focus group discussions were also conducted to generate the qualitative data required to substantiate the statistical finding. The collected data were edited, entered and cleaned with SPSS Version 20 software and the data were summarized, analyzed and organized by univariate, bivariate and multivariate (binary logistic regression model) statistical technique. The findings of the study revealed that the prevalence of HIV testing was found to be 39.7% and the major finding in logistic regression model showed that marital status, childhood place of residence, life time sexual partner, perceived confidentiality of VCT service, willingness to take VCT before marriage, stigma and discrimination and attitude towards VCT were found the key determinants of practicing VCT. Finally, based on the key findings of the study, some plausible recommendations were given which includes information, education and communication program and awareness raising with regard to HIV/AIDS and gradual scaling up of VCT service, encouraging marriage and reduce stigma and discrimination should be strengthened.

In this paper the author predicts that the overwhelming majority of BPR initiatives now underway, or starting in the next year, will fail to achieve their intended result. With reference to his seven axioms of economic-quality he explains why and offers recommendations to guide better practice based on people practices; knowledge; systemic understanding and an appreciation of the importance of variation. The BPR method is defined by Hammer and Champy as “the fundamental reconsideration and radical redesign of organizational processes, in order to achieve drastic improvement of current performance in cost, service and speed”. At it’s turn, the Kaizen method is an management concept for incremental change. The key elements of Kaizen are quality, effort, involvement of all employees, willingness to change and communication. When BPR is compared with Kaizen method, the BPR is harder to implement, technology – oriented, enables radical change. On the other hand, Kaizen method is easier to implement, is more people – oriented and requires long term discipline.

Aim: To assess the chromosomal damage and apoptosis in exfoliated buccal cells of individuals with potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer. Materials and methods: Our study included 90 subjects which were divided into three groups of 30 each, Group A-potentially malignant disorders, Group B-Oral cancer and Group C-control. Results: A significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cell from lesions than in cells from normal areas. We also observed a gradual decrease in apoptosis from normal mucosa to precancerous lesions to carcinoma. Conclusion:Thus oral cancer is associated with a very high frequency of chromosomal damage and impaired apoptosis in the exfoliated buccal cells. Perhaps, beside the micronucleus assay, the inclusion of degenerative nuclear alteration indicative of apoptosis can be a useful tool for biomonitoring oral cancer patients.

This paper introduces a bottom-up update mechanism together with a non-recursive initial update procedure that reduces the required extra memory space and computational overhead. A new type of tree is defined based on a different geometrical interpretation of Complete Binary Trees. The new approach paves the way for a special and practical initialization of the tree, which is a prerequisite for an implementation of unilateral update operation. The details of this special initialization and the full update procedures are given for Complete Binary Trees. In addition, a comparison is made between the introduced update method and the bilateral update methods in terms of different performance related metrics.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been used widely in many countries to map health-related events and the results are used for planning of health services and in assessing clusters of health facilities. This project demonstrates the application of GIS in the mapping of health facilities in Addis Ababa particularly Gulele sub-city; the ArcGIS 9.3 software was used to map and evaluate the spatial clustering of health facilities in the study area. The study was conducted using primary and secondary data collected from various areas with GPS technology. The results suggest that new health facilities should be built in the woredas of Gulele sub-city. The method of analysis employed point pattern analysis used to evaluate the physical distribution of point events and test whether there is a significant clustering of points in a particular area and also ratio. The project has been developed for all participating service agencies to give an overview ‘map’ of the health service sector. The project is designed to assist the participating health services in developing a good understanding of the community in the recovery context, enabling strategic planning and coordination of services to the increased need of the population of the subcity in the area of health facilities.

Objective: To seek the impact of fasting on the outcome of labour. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in consenting parturients who had a singleton pregnancy at term, and who had been fasting for at least 10hours. The fasting was confirmed by appositive ketonuria test. The impact of fasting (attributable risk) was calculated using the Open Epi software. Results: No case of Mendelson syndrome was observed, vomiting in the non fasting parturients was not abundant, (4% of cases RR=0.3); fasting exposes the women 3.75 times more to risk of dynamic dystocia (40% of cases) and 3.5 times more to risk o f acute fe tal distress (18.6% of ca ses). Instrumental vaginal delivery was not significantly more frequent in fasting women (RR=1.5 ; p=0.12) and spontaneous vaginal delivery had a protective effect (RR=0.66 ; p=0.001). On the contrary, cesarean deliveries were significantly more frequent in these parturients (RR=3.7 ; p =0.0006). The impact of fasting on parturients is as follows: for every 100 fasting parturients, 73.3% may present with dynamic dystocia, 71.4% with acute foetal distress and 73.3% stand the risk of having a cesarean delivery. Conclusion: Fasting is detrimental to the outcome of labour and delivery, it is advisable to encourage feeding in parturients.

The objective of this work was to give a working diagnosis if pelvic pains acute, the woman at University Hospital of Brazzaville. Methods: We carried out a descriptive and prospective study over a period of five months, from 2nd June to 2nd October 2015 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit at CHU Brazzaville. Patients who presented with Acute Pelvic Pain and who gave their consent were included in the study. All those in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the post partum period were excluded. Data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.4. software Results: We registered a total of 410 cases of pelvic pain out of the 6345 patients representing 6.4%. Of these, 285 were cases of acute pelvic pain, representing 4.5% of the total consultations in the service. Acute Pelvic Pain was found to occur more often in women who were unemployed 31.5%(26.3-37.1); single 56.1% (50.3-61 .8) ; under educated 61.4%(55.6-66.9) ;had only one current sexual partner 68.8%(62.8-73.6) ; had no notion of contraception 64.2%(58.1-69.7) ; had no past history of dysmenorrhoea 94.3%(91.2-96.6) nor abortion 69.8%(64.3- 74.9) ; whose HIV status was unknown 80.7%(75.8-84.9) ; and who had previously suffered from a genital tract infection. The acute pelvic pain; evolved over 5 days; was of insidious onset 56.6% (52-64.2) ; diffuse 54.3% (48.5-60.1) ; not related to the menstrual cycle 86.6% ( 82.3-90.2); had no irradiations 78.9% (73.9-83.3); was crampy in nature 31.9% (26.7-37.5) ; associated to bleeding 52.6% (46.8-58.3) ; and severe 60%, with a tender abdomen 83.5% and tenderness on mobilization of the uterus 70.5%.A complete blood count 57.5% (51.1-63.1) and pelvic ultrasound 70%, were the tests usually carried out. The etiologies registered were mostly complications of pregnancy 60.6% and upper genital tract infections 13.9%. Conclusion: Acute Pelvic pain is a common presenting complaint in gynecology. The clinical and paraclinical characteristics are related to the etiologies. The most

Objective: to Identify différent problems encountered in the Management of bleeding the last trimester of pregnancy Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study over a period of 12 months. This study involved pregnant women with a minimum term of 28 weeks of gestation, with an antepartum haemorrhage of pregnancy. Those with incomplete data, and none obstetric genital bleeding were not included. Results: The frequency was 1.27% of deliveries of 98 patients, 3% had a poor condition upon admission; they consulted for bleeding (57.1%) and / or to the lumbosacral pelvic pain (33.7%); the birthing work was initiated in 47.9% of cases, 63.3% of fetuses were alive at admission. Bleeding causes were placenta previa (56.1%); the retro-placental hematoma (37.5%), uterine rupture (5.1%), and undetermined causes 3%. Blood transfusion was performed in 16.3% of patients; 80.6% received caesarean section; the hystérorraphie was performed in 5.1% of patients. Maternal prognosis was satisfactory in 83.6% of cases; despite a residual anemia in 73.4% of cases and 11% of infectious complications. The fetal prognosis was grim: Prematurity has affected 39.8% of newborns, with 45.9% of low birth weight and 28.7% of stillbirths costs. Conclusion: The Management of the third trimester bleeding is still mixed, if maternal prognosis seems satisfactory, fetal prognosis is uncertain.

The purpose of the quantitative correlational research study was to examine if a significant relationship existed between the Emotional Intelligence (EI) competencies of Hispanic team members and project outcomes within the technology sector in the United States. Therefore the objective was to explore the degree of association or relationship between the identified predictor and criterion variables. The predictor variables included the EI competencies: Emotional Self-Awareness(ESA), Emotional Self-Management(ESM), Emotional Awareness of Others(EAO), Emotional Management of Others(EMO), and the criterion variables: Project Timeliness(PT), In-Budget Project(PB), and Scope Creep(SC).