Heat exchanger is one of devices that are convenient in industrial and house hold application. These include power production, chemical industries, food industries, electronics, environmental engineering, manufacturing industry, and many others. It comes in many types and function according to its uses. So what exactly heat exchanger is? Heat exchanger is a device that is used to transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluidat different temperatures and in thermal contact. There are usually no external heat and work interactions. In most heat exchangers, heat transfer between fluids takes place through a separating wall or into and out of a wall in a transient manner. In this report I will discuss about the uses and application of shell and tube heat exchanger, type of heat exchangers, and shell and tube heat exchanger.

The object of this paper is to establish a new generalization of angular displacement in a shaft with a product of certain special function. A main result based upon the H-function of several complex variables, I-function of one variable, general polynomial of several variables, which provide unification and extension of numerous results in theory of special function. The special cases of the main result (which are also sufficiently general in nature and are of interested in themselves) have also been given.

Wastewater is defined as the flow of used water from homes, businesses, industries, commercial activities and institutions which are subjected to the treatment plants by a carefully designed and engineered network of pipes. This type of wastewater is classified and defined according to its sources of origin. Typically 200 to 500 litres of wastewater are generated for each person connected to the system every day. The amount of flow handled by a treatment plant varies with the time of day and with the months of the year. The processes reviewed here include both those that remove pollutant dirts in wastewater and those that vanishes them. Using a wastewater treatment technology that removes, rather than destroys, a pollutant will give a treatment remains. At wastewater treatment plant, this flow is treated before it is allowed to be returned to the environment. There are no holidays for wastewater treatment, and most plants operate 24 hours every day of the week. Wastewater treatment plants works on critical point of the water cycle, helping nature protects water from the excessive pollution. Most treatment plants have primary treatment and secondary treatment .

The colonial process which brought the coloniser and the colonised into a long period of co-existence and cohabitation which led to a master-servant relationship was not without major effects on the colonised up to the post independence era. As a way of curbing these effects on the colonised mentality, African writers, Nigerian inclusive have resorted to writing of works that would incorporate the use of cultural artifacts so as to depict their image and true identity. Through the lens of post-colonialism this herculean task of looking inwards and making use of that which is African, is made possible. Post-colonial theory is used to examine the ramifications of colonisation for both the coloniser and the colonised, as portrayed in the novel, Fearless of Ifeoma Chinwuba. The paper therefore, concludes that it is only when the colonised people begin to look inwards and appreciate the things that make them who they are culturally, that the recuperation of African culture as against western ideologies can positively be achieved. The textual analysis is specially based on the post-colonial discourse elements of hybridity, appropriation, abrogation, untranslated words and affiliation.

This study has been an attempt to determine factors influencing academic achievements of grade 10 students (normally under age 18 years) on specific subjects. A crosssectional survey was conducted on a total of 719 sample students of grade 10 from 11 different government and nongovernment secondary schools using multistage sampling technique. A designed questionnaire was used to obtain data from the respondents. The secondary data on students EGSECE scores were obtained from the Education Department as achievements of students in the five selected subjects: Mathematics, Biology, Physics, Chemistry and English. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis and multivariate multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data. From the descriptive results both governmental and nongovernmental school students were achieved poorest in physics and best in English. However, on average, nongovernmental school students’ achievements were better than governmental school students. In factor analysis, self-concept, motivation to the subjects and teaching-learning process explained most of the variations. Multivariate regression results revealed that, the factors, sex, school type, school facilities, family status, school volume, interest to the subject, motivation to the subject, self-concept, safe reading and trouble (anxiety) to the subjects, had significant influence on achievements of students with respect to most of the subjects. Factors like sex, school facility, family status, motivation to the subject, interest to the subject had a significance positive impact on achievements. However, trouble of the subject and school volume had a significant negative influence on students’ achievements on Biology, Physics and English subjects. It is suggested that academic facilities and managements at schools, beside home and students’ personal efforts need to be promoted for better academic achievements of students in subjects.

This study explored how a diverse team influences the action research process and what team dynamics emerged when employing the stages of action research when tasked to develop an academic program aimed at inclusive leadership. Tuckman’s (1965) stages of group development and an action research design conceptually frame this study. The researchers use a mixed methodology utilizing quantitative data from the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) to assess the team’s level of intercultural sensitivity, along with qualitative observations and interviews to determine if the team’s diverse composition contributed to the academic development process. The results of the study showed: team dynamics, a safe work environment, and intentionality had the greatest influence on the team’s success in academic program development. Findings of this study can be used to inform faculty, administrators, and facilitators on the utility of action research methods when collaboratively developing academic programs and other pertinent initiatives that comprise individuals from diverse backgrounds.

Objectives: Oral cancer is one of the 11 most frequently occurring cancers worldwide and has a higher proportion of deaths per number of cases than breast cancer or cervical cancer because of late detection. In the present study we found out the difference in the dielectric properties of saliva between controls, controls with tobacco habit but having no lesion and patients with squamous cell carcinoma. The dielectric parameters have correlated with histopathological grades and clinical stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Dielectric relaxation studies have been carried out for saliva of 88 (48 oral cancer and 40 healthy) patients having tobacco habit but no squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and those having tobacco habit with SCC using picoseconds time domain reflectometry over the frequency range of 10 MHz to 20 GHz at room temperature.

Rapid growth of population and unchecked urbanization is redoubling the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation piles all over the universe day-to-day. Many studies have already been performed on MSW management in big cities but limited in small scale and new cities. Therefore, we executed a study in Chuadanga Municipality to estimate the bulk of MSWs generation in residential area and their physical composition as-well-as the household’s attitudes towards its disposal. A semi-structured questionnaire was outlined and surveyed in 2012 on 30 households from randomly selected wards. Wastes collected from those households were segregated and weighed. This study revealed that on an average 1.015 kg/household/day and 0.22 kg/person/day were found in the study area. Further, food wastes were found the highest (75%) wherein (20.07%) recyclable, (86.50%) degradable, and (14.3%) inorganic. Majority of households (79%) opined that MSW management lies on municipality wherein about 55% of people were unsatisfied with current system.

Biodiesel is renewable; reduce the greenhouse gas emission and potential as a substitute of fossil fuel. The aim of the current investigation is to produce biodiesel and compare physiochemical properties of spirulina maxima biodiesel (BD) with diesel fuel (DF). Soxlet apparatus was used to extract oil from algal body. Transesterification process was carried out to produce BD by adding potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methanol. Different properties of BD were determined. The physical properties includes density, viscosity, flash point, Higher Calorific Value (HCV), Cetane Number (CN), PH, moisture content, carbon residue, ash content, acid value, etc., and chemical properties include fatty acid composition; fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), elemental analysis. All the fuel properties were ASTM standard and close to those of DF. FTIR results revealed that BD was like diesel like hydrocarbon.

This study based on BDHS-2007 data of 10,996 ever married women presents the current scenario of female age at marriage in Bangladesh and its noteworthy impact on fertility as epoch at first marriage has a chief upshot on childbearing as women who get married before time contain, on an average, a longer era of disclosure to the risk of fetching pregnant and a superior figure of lifetimes birth. Logistic regression model was conceded to this cram with the effects of the allied explanatory variables tested by chi-square test on early matrimony. Respondents’ work status, education level, religion, wealth index and partners’ educational level drastically guessed the early marriage. Women from the rural area be located to acquire married 1.50 period more anticipated than the women from inner-city.