This paper tackles the Das Adam Smith problem, that is, the question of incongruence between Smith’s two major works: the Theory of Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations. It purports to show that the two works abide by the same methodology, which highlights the Natural Order manifest in the Grand Design, but that they reach eventually two fundamentally incompatible results emanating from different initial assumptions about the modus operandi of the individual: a social conscience versus unfettered self-interest. The implications are readily clear for the economic system derived as far as state intervention in the economy is concerned.

The purpose of this research paper is to know the relationship between two ratios of the financial statements i.e. profitability and liquidity. The study is focused on the banking sector. The relation is measured by current ratio, quick ratio, and net-working capital. The bank under study is standard chartered bank Pakistan. From the findings of this study we came to conclusion that there is weak positive relation between liquidity and profitability. Quantitative research design is used as tool for the study. To find the relation and strength of the relation correlation and regression are used. So companies need to focus on liquidity management which has a positive relation with the company’s profitability.

Northern Nigeria among other regions of the country has witnessed various degrees of insecurity with its resultant effect on the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), economic fortunes of the affected communities and overall standard of living of those living within the affected states. This has made security the major concern for Nigerian government and has invested huge resources to that effect. Insecurity in the north has not only prevented development of that region but also hinders foreign investment, disrupt social activities, peaceful coexistence and has become a great threat to the growth and development of the region in particular and Nigeria in general. This paper therefore, examined the insecurity situation in the Northern Nigeria and its effects on the IDPs.

The purpose of this study was to analyze music teachers’ perceptions of rhythmics and how they use it in music education. They were asked to discuss how they perceive the value of rhythmics and its challenges. Research participants consisted of ten Finnish music teachers who participated in continuing education about rhythmics. They were interviewed and the data were analyzed with the qualitative content analyzing method. The research results showed that teachers found rhythmics a new and challenging area of music education. They had insufficient knowledge of the pedagogical foundation and concepts of rhythmics, even though they had adopted some rhythmics methods in their teaching. According to the findings, teachers were (1) appreciative and enthusiastic, (2) doubtful, or (3) positive but uncertain about using rhythmics. The biggest challenge was the lack of continuing education that would help them learn and employ the contents and methods of rhythmics better in their teaching. Other challenges included difficulties in realizing teaching due to tight teaching premises, students’ heterogeneity, scarce time allocation for music teaching, and lack of usable teaching materials. The study contributes ideas and means to develop music education with rhythmics in Finland.

In finance literature capital structure received considerable attention as factor affecting the profitability of firms. The aim of this paper is to contributes to literature on this factor (Capital structure) and evaluate its impact and nature of relationship with the profitability of Automobile companies listed in Karachi stock exchange.19 companies were selected as sample. Data is extracted from the publications of the relevant companies and website of stat bank of Pakistan from 2006-2012.Regression analysis and correlation test is used with the help of statistical package SPSS in order to predict the result. Study concludes that capital structure (Debt/Equity) is negatively associated with the profitability, which implies that an increase in debt capital caused a decrease in the profitability of the firms and vice versa. These results are supportive for the business companies during the financing of capital.

Better diagnosis of disease is possible only with the better microscopic images. To do so images of the affected area are captured and then noise is removed to obtain accurate diagnosis. Many algorithms have been proposed till date. But they are capable of removing noise only in spatial domains so this paper tries to overcome that by combining low rank filter and regularization. If we only reduce noise in spatial or spectral domain, artefacts or distortions will be introduced in other domains. At the same time, this kind of methods will destroy the correlation in spatial or spectral domain. Spatial and spectral information should be considered jointly to remove the noise efficiently. Low rank algorithms are good as they encloses semantic information as well as poses strong identification capability.

One of the fundamental issues in compute science is ordering a list of items. Although there is a huge number of sorting algorithms, sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research, because efficient sorting is important to optimize the use of other algorithms. Sorting involves rearranging information into either ascending or descending order. This paper presents a new sorting algorithm called Input Sort. This new algorithm is analyzed, implemented, tested and compared and results were promising.

A plethora of studies have been done on the effect of trade and financial integration on growth-volatility relationship. One of the key findings has been that, trade integration and financial integration weaken growth-volatility relationship. Trade integration is empirically found to positively affect growth significantly but results were less robust for financial integration. This paper finds that, by controlling for some key variables in addition to the variables used in the literature, as well as using alternate classifications and extending the data slightly the coefficient of financial integration is also positive and robust and hence weakens growth-volatility relationship. However, results for trade integration become insignificant after controlling for these crucial variables.

This study aims at investigating the relationship between liquidity and profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan. The main objective of the study is to find the nature of relationship and the strength of relationship exist between the variables. Correlation and regression are used respectively to find the nature of the relationship and extent of relationship between dependent and independent variables. Secondary data was used for analysis which was extracted from the last five years (2008-2014) annual accounts of Habib Bank Limited. After conducting correlation and regression analysis it was found that there as significant positive relationship between liquidity with profitability of the banks. Since, the data of the banking sector was used, hence the results cannot be generalized to other sectors.

Thyroid diseases are widespread worldwide. In India too, there is a significant problems caused due to thyroid diseases. Various research studies estimates that about 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid diseases [4]. There are a number of possible thyroid diseases and disorders, including thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. This paper focuses on the classification of two of the most common thyroid disorders are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism among the public. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that about 1% of Americans suffer from Hyperthyroidism and about 5% suffer from Hypothyroidism. From the global perspective also the classification of thyroid plays a significant role. The conditions for the diagnosis of the disease are closely linked, they have several important differences that affect diagnosis and treatment. The data for this research work is collected from the UCI repository which undergoes preprocessing. The preprocessed data is multivariate in nature. Curse of Dimensionality is followed so that the available 21 attributes is optimized to 10 attributes using Hybrid Differential Evolution Kernel Based Navie Based algorithm. The subset of data is now supplied to Kernel Based Naïve Bayes classifier algorithm in order to check for the fitness.