In the emerging Big Data scenario, distributed File systems (DFSs) are used for storing and accessing information in a scalable manner. Many cloud computing systems use DFS as the main storage component. The Big Data applications de-ployed in cloud computing systems more frequently perform read operations and less frequently the write operations. So, improving the performance of read access has become an im-portant research issue in DFS. In the literature, many client side caching with appropriate pre fetching techniques are proposed for improving the performance read access in the DFS. A speculation-based approach which uses client side caching is also proposed in the literature for improving the performance of read access in the DFS. In this paper, we have proposed a new read algorithm for the DFS based on anticipated parallel processing. We have evaluated the per- formance of the proposed algorithm using mathematical and simulation methods and the results indicate that the pro-posed algorithm performs better than the speculation-based algorithm proposed in the literature.

The digital mammographic images are affected by several types of noises which require filters to denoise the noise level. This will help the medical practitioner to enhance the image quality of the mammograms and helps them in giving accurate diagnosis. There are so many works on image denoising technique but there are not much which gives emphasis on the mammographic images. . In application point of view medical images are classified as Multispectral Image (used for satellite surveillance), RGB standard colour scheme Image or other digital versions of the film image i.e., in our case its mammographic image. For every image type it requires different approach for denoising because in each type of image, it contains different factors in it. In denoising the mammographic image , the filtering technique that is to be applied depend on its noises at each resolution level of the microns to make the micro-classification of the cancerous tissues to that of the bright water dense patches caused by the calcium salts in the mammary glands. Thus, any single algorithm cannot provide similar performance range for different types of noise because not every method is effective for the scenario of mammographic image denoising. In the given study we have shown a method for the mammographic image denoising which is having higher accuracy and the performance range is suited for denoising applications.raphic image denoising

Widespread use of electronics from home appliances to the control of more sophisticated and costly industrial processes has raised the awareness of power quality. Power quality disturbance is generally defined as any change in power (voltage, current, or frequency) that interferes with the normal operation of electrical equipment. The study of power quality and ways to control is a major concerned for electric utilities, large industrial companies, businesses, and even home users. The study has intensified due to equipment have become increasingly sensitive to even minute changes in the power supply voltage, current, and frequency. In electrical energy power networks, disturbances can cause problems in electronic devices so their monitoring is very fundamental. In this paper, we address the problem of disturbance detection by using Hilbert transform which is employed as an effective tool for tracking the voltage waveforms in electrical distribution systems. In addition to this classification of disturbance is carried out by using cross correlation technique. Simulation results obtained shows the accuracy and flexibility of Hilbert transform in detecting the time instants during which the disturbance has occurred. This has been tested for oscillatory transients, interruption and multiple event interruption and sag.

Due to resource constrains, implementation of secure protocols for securing embedded systems has become a challenging task.System designers are advised to design and install area efficient versions of existing, proven security protocols. System designers are finding ways and means to compress existing security protocols without compromising security and without tampering with basic security structure of algorithm. Modular multiplication, point multiplication, point doubling are few critical activities to be carried out in ECC algorithm. By optimizing Modular Multiplier, area efficiency in ECC algorithm can be achieved. In this paper, we propose Area optimized and low latency multiplier that implements the efficient KOA algorithm in altogether novel style to be used in ECC architecture. The proposed algorithm uses a novel technique of splitting input operands based on exponent’s parity and it eventually helps in reducing FPGA footprint and offers low latency by avoiding overlapping, prime concern for any embedded system. The complete modular multiplier and the cryptoprocessor module is synthesized and simulated using Xilinx ISE Design suite 14.4 software. We have investigated area occupancy of proposed multiplier and cryptoprocessor and concluded that proposed scheme occupies relatively reduced percentage area of FPGA as compared to the one using traditional KOA multiplier.

BNP led four-party alliance came into power with a landslide victory in October, 2001 parliamentary polls. This four-party alliance government became unpopular within a short period owing to her misdeeds, corruption, terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism etc. Under such condition government as of her electoral pledge brought changes in the constitution but sudden insertion of a clause regarding increase of retiring age of judges maligned her willingness regarding holding free and fair election. This change opened the path for opposition for creating strong movement against the government which led to the formation of 1/11 government in Bangladesh. This paper is intended to portray the socio-economic and political atmosphere which encouraged the government to make such amendment and at the same time which action of the government stimulated the opposition to create suffocating environment that paved the way for military takeover in January, 2007.

Heavy metal pollution in soil and water is a global environmental concern. In Vietnam, accumulation of heavy metals in soil, water and plant biomass has been widely reported. Cultivation of crops on contaminated sites may result in both growth inhibition and tissue accumulation of heavy metals with resulting possible risks to humans health. In this paper, plant growth inhibition and accumulation of Cu, Pb and Zn by Brassica juncea L. Czern are studied in pot experiments.

Background: Pneumothorax can be an important diagnosis in patient presenting with sudden onset shortness of breath. Timely diagnosis can be confirmed by a radiograph. Aim: This review is an attempt to make a systematic and highly informative algorithm to read and analyse a radiograph in patient with pneumothorax. Methods: Authors have combined their rich experience in the field with available standard text to make a simple and useful approach to radiographs with pneumothorax. The text is liberally illustrated for readers to get insight into radiographic approach which can be extremely useful in clinical practice. Results: Correct interpretations of chest radiographs in the clinical setting can be lifesaving. Proper interpretation of Xray Chest can reveal about underlying lung, aetiology and associated life threatening conditions.

At present days, technology growth was rapid and its use is very often. So the attacks were concentrated on the user systems mainly by using the network applications. Bugs in the application of a network can ruin the applications in a system that are running. When the user is in the use of internet or e-commerce sites, etc.., the applications will be considered that they are in an unsafe environment. Providing security to the network applications like web servers, mails, etc... Is very difficult because they are usually very big applications to make them free from bugs. Now this paper describes how to provide security to the network applications which are in unsafe environment. This idea describes that all the applications were wrapped together for the security purpose and there will be no use to rewrite the network applications.

Cloud Computing providers are currently serving customers throughout the world. Inter- Cloud Computing, where a number of providers come together, has already paved its way, It is meant to address the growing challenges of load balancing and optimal utilization of resources. At the same time, its objectives also include QoS and SLA accomplishment. A centralized Federation of clouds is a confederacy of cloud providers attached to and dependent upon a single unified broker entity. This unified broker acts as a linchpin for the entire system. This paper envisions and elaborates upon the idea of centralized Inter-cloud federation environment. We propose issues open to centralized Inter-Clouds at two levels namely unified broker and the cloud providers.

DNA of five species of Phyllanthus in Nigeria namely, P. amarus Schum and Thonn, P. urinaria Linn., P. odontadenius Mull-Arg., P. niruroides Mull-Arg. and P. muellerianus (O. Ktze) Excel belonging to the family of Phyllanthaceae were extracted, purified, PCR amplified and sequenced using plastid Ribulose -1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL a) and Maturase K (matK) genetic marker to identify unknown Phyllanthus species. The plastid region revealed that the Phyllanthus species were able to be amplified optimally for sequencing. The results of the nucleotide sequences were further compared on Basic Local Alignment Sequence Tool (BLAST) on Gen Bank and Bold Systems for validation. Results revealed that the closely related species, P. niruroides Mull_Arg. and P. odontadenius Mull-Arg. had no DNA record to separate them on both GenBank and Bold Systems using both rbcL and matK gene regions while P. amarus Schum and Thonn and P. urinaria Linn. were clearly compatible with other works. P. muellerianus (O. Ktze) Excel was only compatible with other works using matK gene region but none for rbcL.