Few issues provoke as much public concern as violence. Persistent variations in the homicide rates of different countries have led sociologists, criminologists and geographers to question why violence, and lethal violence as an extreme example, is more common in some societies than in others. This paper focuses on one possible explanation: climate, and especially temperature. The analysis is based on monthly crime, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation data of 62-year period (1952 to 2013) of Allahabad city, India. Results show that temperature has a significant positive impact on criminal behavior, and murder incidences in Allahabad city were high in hot months. Relative humidity too seems having significant and positive influence on crime rate, while rainfall showed a negative correlation with crime pattern. Results reveal that climate-crime association follow a linear relationship and crime rate increases with rise in temperature.

Anomaly detection systems are extensively used security tools to detect cyber-threats and attack activities in computer systems and networks. In this paper, we present Text Mining-Based Anomaly Detection (TMAD) model. We discuss n-gram text categorization and focus our attention on a main contribution of method TF-IDF (Term frequency, inverse document frequency), which enhance the performance commonly term weighting schemes are used, where the weights reflect the importance of a word in a specific document of the considered collection. Mahalanobis Distances Map (MDM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to discover hidden correlations between the features and among the packet payloads. Experiments have been accomplished to estimate the performance of TMAD against ISCX dataset 2012 intrusion detection evaluation dataset. The results show TMAD has good accuracy.

The experiment was conducted with eleven wheat genotyps at the research field of Agronomy Department of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University from November 2011 to March 2012 to know the morphophenological changes in wheat and to identify water stress tolerant wheat genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design comprising two water regimes in main plot and eleven wheat genotypes (BARI Wheat 25, BARI Wheat 26, Sourav, BAW 1157, BAW 1158, BAW 1159, BAW 1161, BAW 1165, BAW 1167, BAW 1169 and BAW 1170) were placed randomly in sub-plot with three replications. Water deficit condition caused an overall reduction in morphological and phenological attributes. The maximum reduction in plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf area was by 25, 39, 27 and 57% in the genotypes BAW 1167, BAW 1167, BAW 1157 and BAW 1170, respectively under water deficit condition. The highest reduction in root volume and root dry weight was recorded in the genotype BAW 1167, while the lowest in BARI Wheat 26 and BAW 1169. The highest decrease in days to heading, days to physiological maturity and grain filling duration was noted in BAW 1167 and the lowest in BAW 1169, Sourav and BARI Wheat 26. The maximum number of days for grain filling was recorded in the genotype BARI Wheat 26, Sourav and BAW 1169, while the minimum in BAW 1167. From this experiment, it was concluded that the genotypes BARI Wheat 26 and BAW 1169 are water deficit tolerant and BAW 1167 is susceptible.

Considering audit reports as the results of any audit task and their importance in communicating an auditor’s opinion about the credibility of financial statements, this study aims to investigate the effect of firm-related factors and auditor-related factors on the kinds of audit reports in Saudi Arabia, which is considered one of the biggest markets in the MENA region. Data for 153 listed companies are employed in the analysis, collected as at the end of 2013. A multiple regression model is developed taking audit reports as the dependent variable. The results indicate that the auditor’s size, firm size, and leverage significantly affect audit reports, with large auditors tending to issue modified audit reports more than smaller auditors, and small companies and leveraged companies being more likely to receive modified audit reports. Neither profitability nor the age of the company (as a listed company) affects audit reports. These results are consisted with the literature and the nature of the Saudi stock market formally established in 2003.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an emerging solid state welding process gaining more applicability in various industries due to better quality of the joint as it has no effect on the parent metal. This process utilises a non-consumable rotating tool to generate frictional hat between tool and abutting surface of work piece to accomplish the weld. Being a solid state joining process, friction stir welding process offers various advantages like low distortion, absence of melt related defects, high joint strength etc., as compared to other conventional fusion welding techniques. An attempt has been made to study the influence of tool tilt angle on Aluminium 2014-T6 welds. A study on FSW of AA2014 Aluminium alloy at varying tool tilt angle ranging from 0 to 3 degrees at an interval of 0.5° and keeping other process parameters constant are presented in this paper. Present work also examines the force and torque during FSW with respect to defect development. This is due to owing to process parameters variation which results in variation in heat generation. The force on the pin in the metal flow direction (which is also called X-axis force) was correlated with defect formation, high X-axis force is recommended for defect free welds.

The study of mechanisms of spatial convergence, and their impact on achieving spatial development is necessary to find out the strengths and weaknesses in the construction of local economies and which has become more of a condition to reduce disparities and spatial differences within the same geographic structure, in order to help and guide public economic and social policies for using development possibilities and resources more effectively. we will use a panel data analysis, to test the size of homogeneity between geographic regions and their importance in measuring levels of homogeneity or heterogeneity according to this study of unemployment and the spatial distribution of wealth ratios in municipalities ,The results of this analysis indicates the presence of heterogeneity among municipalities of saida regions, which proves the existence of spatial disparity in development levels.

With unprecedented growth of urbanization, the issue of health and health seeking behavior (HSB) among the urban poor is spiralling. Taking prompt and appropriate health measures becomes unlikely to the urban poor due to the prevailing socioeconomic reality. Illuminating Healthcare seeking behaviour of the Poorest of the Poor (PoP), who are under healthcare safety net, in Gullele Sub City of Addis Ababa was the objective of this study. To meet the objective, a mixed approach was employed. A total of 168 PoP who are eligible for fee waiver were surveyed through multistage cluster sampling. In addition, eight PoPs and six key informants which were selected through purposive sampling were interviewed. To analyse the quantitative data, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used. Beyond descriptive statistics that was used to summarize the data, further statistical tests such as t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation and Chi Square were employed to see differences and associations. 95 % confidence interval (CI) and 5% margin of error was considered during the statistical analysis. The qualitative data was analysed thematically and integrated with the quantitative one. Accordingly, self-care, spiritual healing, traditional healer and trained allopathic are the major treatment alternatives of the PoP. A statistically significant difference in prompt healthcare utilization was found among the categories of sex, religion, religiosity and income, but insignificant for others. Though the fee waiver scheme has resulted in progress in the HSB of the PoP, the paradox behind low prompt utilization of healthcare has to be researched for evidence based practice.

This paper examine empirically variables that can be significantly correlated with inter-temporal changes of measures of the individual’s securities, for example: trading volumes, number of transactions, return, volatility, arrival of new information etc. Before a study of a sample of 40 quoted securities in Tunisian financial market, on the period of February 07, 2011 until January 31, 2013, results appear conclusive. First, as expected, depth has negative correlation with all spread measures. Besides, we observe perfect positive correlations between spread measures. This shows the validity of these liquidity measures on the Tunisian stock market. Furthermore, the results suggest that volume, return and arrival of new information contribute to explain significantly the inter-temporal changes of various measures of the securities liquidity. Finally, we can consider, probably, the arrival of new information as a common factor for the different liquidity measures for all stocks in our sample.

We can go far on the virtues I observe in the scientific enterprise: A commitment to truth; humility about one’s theory in the face of contervailing data; recognition that every living creature is our relative (especially other humans); and imparting a sense of wonder. Is it enough? I share what I have learned from religious practice that supplements the scientific outlook and has enriched my life.

One highly documented method to test a capital market for weak form efficiency is to identify the return predictability of technical trading rules in that market. Studies on these tests are fewer in number in emerging markets than that of in developed markets and most of the tests have drawn conclusion by including only trend indicators in their trading rules. But it has already been recognized in some previous developed markets studies that trend indicators generally fail to identify sufficient information content in the past prices; hence practitioners very often use these trend indicators combined with confirming indicator (Loh 2007). The current study has investigated Dhaka Stock Exchange, an emerging market of South Asia, for weak form market efficiency by approaching the tests of technical trading rules and has confirmed the profitability of these rules up to 2.15 percent costs per transaction. Here it has used stochastic oscillator as a confirming indicator combined with moving averages (trend indicators) which is the first study of its kind in this market, and has found that it can improve the return predictability only for the short length moving averages.