No other cultural phenomenon appears to represent the ‘Brazilian Soul’ better than soccer. Due to its popularity, soccer can be seen as part of the national identity. People in general are very proud of the FIFA World Cup that was won five times by the national team. Independently of gender, religion, ethnicity or social class, most Brazilians are encouraged to adopt one soccer team as part of their own identity. During childhood, people are influenced to choose a team to support according to their parents commitment. Parents try to influence their children’s preference exalting the glories of their preferred teams, depreciating the adversaries’ success or dressing themselves and the children with the teams’ colors.Identification with a sports team resembles two marketing subjects: brand image and brand loyalty. Brand image refers to the cumulative associations about a product in customers’ imaginary (Bauer, Sauer & Exler, 2008). Brand attributes like sincerity, sophisticateon, competence, excitement and ruggedess, presented in brand personality (Aaker, 1997) can also be seen in team symbols. Brand loyalty presumes a deep commitment to buy the same brand (Oliver, 1999; Bell, Auh & Smalley, 2005).

with the recent advancements in multi-core era, workstation clusters have emerged as a cost-effective approach to build a network of workstations (NOWs). NOWs connect the small groups of processors to a network of switching elements that form irregular topologies. Designing an efficient routing and a deadlock avoidance algorithm for irregular networks is quite complicated in terms of latency and area of the routing tables, thus impractical for scalability of On Chip Networks. Many deadlock free routing mechanisms have been proposed for regular networks, but they cannot be employed in irregular networks. In this paper a new methodology has been proposed for efficient routing scheme, called LBDR-UD, which save the average 64.59% routing tables in the switch for irregular networks as compare to up*/down* routing. The Basic concept of routing scheme is combination of up*/down* and Logic Based Distributed Routing. By simulation, it has been shown that the LBDR-UD is deadlock free and adaptive to all dynamic network traffic conditions.

Poverty incidence and unemployment rate of the developing countries have been increasing as they claimed development in their economies, the situation in which Nigeria is not an exception. Thereby, this study set to investigate whether economic development existed in the country in the past 27 years, covering the periods of 1986 – 2012. Likewise, to inform the decision makers and policy implementers about the appropriate usage of the words ‘economic development’, and as well portends its redefining and differentiation between ‘GDP growth and GDP widening’. The study stipulated ideal methods of assessing the existence of economic development based on the extant definitions from the most relevant authors in the field of Development Economics. More so, the study finds new ways of using time-series regression analysis in answering logic-form question of economic development, and this goes with variables’ signing rather than contributions. Based on partial comparative statics analysis, the study finds that economic development only existed in the country in the year1988 – 1990, and 1994 fiscal years during the years in consideration. In addition, based on partial comparative dynamic analysis, the study finds that no economic development has existed in the last 27 years in the country

Gender biases exist in form of laws and customs that continue to impede female access to make imputes into developmental process. Economic and domestic workloads also impose severe time burden on the feminine gender. Educationally, feminine gender have mostly affected by these negative factors as the National literacy rate for female is lower compared to that of males. In certain states of the federation, the female literacy enrolment and achievement rates are much lower. This is against the fact that education is a basic and fundamental right of all citizens. This study examines whether or not gender roles assigned to feminine gender affect their school performance; the extent gender is used to discriminate feminine gender for access to school. Findings from this study include: Assisting in rearing the going ones is time consuming and it affects educationally performance of girl child or no payment of school fees and sexual harassment. For gender social equality to be achieved and sustained, there is the need for female education to fill the gap. Negative cultures should be adjusted; teachers should stop devaluing girls by and gender equality should be adhered to in any society.ridiculing them and enhancement of women education.

Growing interest and continuous development of social network sites like Facebook, Twitter, Flicker, and YouTube etc.turn to several researchers for research study, planning and rigorous development. Exact people behavior prediction is the most important challenge of these on-line social networking websites. This research focus to learn to predict collective behavior in social media networks. Particularly provided information about some person, how can we collect the behavior of unobserved persons in the same network? These tremendous growing networks in social media are of massive size, involving large number of actors. The computational scale of these networks makes necessary scalable learning for models for collective collaborative behavior prediction. This scalability issue is solved by the proposed k-means clustering algorithm which is used to partition the edges into disjoint distinct sets, with each set is showing one separate affiliation. This edge-centric structure represents that the extracted social dimensions are definitely sparse in nature. This model idealized on the sparse natured social dimensions, shows efficient prediction performance than earlier existing approaches The proposed approach can effectively able to work for sparse social networks of any growing size. The important advantage of this method is that it easily grows upon to handle networks with large number of actors while existing methods was unable to do. This scalable approach effectively used over of online network collective behavior on a large scale.

The construction of a railway line up to Offa in 1912 was part of the plan to facilitate the legitimate trade and connect the interior part of the country. It became a mode of transport to evacuate large quantities of agricultural produce from the interior to the coast for onward transfer to the Western world. The railway system also became the only powerful means of communication to indigenous people in what became Nigeria. Further development of rail transport from Lagos to other areas from 1901 led to the construction of railway system in Offa. Indeed, the construction of rail tracks up to Offa brought rapid development to the people as the first Terminus was built in Offa after Ibadan and was regarded as a Sub-district, while Ibadan Terminus was known as District. Offa became the administrative headquarters for Oshogbo and Ilorin which are both state capitals in Nigeria today. This attracted many foreign experts to Offa, as an administrative office controlling Oshogbo,Inisha,Okuku, Erin-Ile, Ijagbo and Ilorin. This paper seeks to examine the development and impact of railway transport in Offa since 1912.

This study aimed to measure public opinion in the Pakistan, Iran and United Arab Emirates regarding peaceful solution of Palestine issue Data (N=276) was collected from two universities, one postgraduate college and one degree college in Pakistan, two universities in Iran and two universities in United Arab Emirates. Although, Pakistan and Iran have theocratic environment and we got anti-Israel replies but there were 77 Pakistani and 41 Emirati students who presented their rational views about peaceful solution of this conflict. There is a brief debate on One-State Solution, Two-States Solution, Three-States Solution and the status of Jerusalem. The plan of forming union among the territories of Israel and Palestine, single currency and Rail-Road plan for secular transportation from one region to another is also discussed in this study. During comparing such public opinion with other previous international proposals for resolving this issue, recommendations from the author are presented in the last.

This study examined the relationship between government spending on infrastructure and poverty reduction in Nigeria. Per capita income was used to proxy poverty reduction, government spending on infrastructure was proxied by; government spending on building and construction, government spending on transportation, government spending on education and government spending on health. Time series data of 43 years were employed and Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test showed that the variables were not stationary at level but were stationary at first difference the order of integration was I(1). The lag length as selected by Vector Autoregressive model was one. Vector Error Correction model showed that there was a long run relationship between government spending on infrastructure and poverty reduction in Nigeria. The regression result showed that government spending on building and construction has a positive and significant effect on poverty reduction in Nigeria, while government spending on transportation has a negative and significant effect on poverty reduction. The effect of government spending on education and health were insignificantly negative and positive respectively. It is recommended that the government of federal republic of Nigeria should increase spending on building and construction as poverty reduction responds to it brilliantly well.

Hospitality industry is the economic stream in many parts of the world. With today’s increasing terror attacks in Nigeria, it is a great concern that the safety and security of guests and employees’ lives and properties be protected. This raises the use of biometric system in hotels. The general objective of the study is to ascertain the extent to which biometric system can affect the performance of hotels in Abuja metropolis. The study seeks to find out specifically the extent of relationship between biometric system and customer satisfaction and the extent to which biometric usage affect competitive advantage of hotels in Abuja. The study is anchored on Expectancy disconfirmation theory. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated in line with the specific objectives of the study. The research adopted survey research design. The study worked with sample size of one hundred from the population of five hundred and sixty. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used for data analysis at 10% level of significance. The findings of research reveal that customers are satisfied with the use of fingerprint scanner and facial dictator for access usage in hotels. The implication of the finding is that if customers are satisfied through the use of biometric system, it will in turn improve the performance level of the hotels. Based on the findings, the study recommends that hotels should provide biometric services to guests as means of registration on check-in and use of any service point in the hote

-The collapse of high-profile international businesses, giant banks and mega-multinational companies over the past several years, the recent unprecedented worldwide financial crisis, the power shift from public to private sector through converting state-owned enterprises to joint stock publiclyowned companies, the transfer of technology, and globalization are compelling reasons for good corporate governance practices to be applied. Large-scale accounting scandals that brought trouble to many large companies are often caused by unethical behavior of top-executives. Poor ethical leadership, lack of integrity, mismanagement, fraud, corruption, and violating corporate governance rules are the main contributors towards bankruptcy and financial failures. This article introduces an authentic way to reduce these failures.