Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is defined as multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology causing vasospasm and anoxia and there is a raised blood pressure recorded at least on two occasions at 6 hours apart. It is thought that preeclampsia develop when the pregnancy induced systemic response causes one or more maternal system to decompensate. The high foetal demand for calcium is facilitated by profound physiological interactions between mother and foetus. Biochemical changes in PIH are increased plasma Creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration with proteinuria due to renal glomerular endotheliosis leading to impaired glomerular perfusion and filtration. A case control comparative study was done with PIH and normal pregnant women both from outpatient and inpatient of Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chitradurga, according to the criteria. Study group will be followed up every four weeks from 28th week of gestation and 24hour/random urine sample will be collected for Biochemical evaluation of urinary Calcium, Creatinine and protein. In this study, it was found that there was significant hypocalciuria (p<0.001), moderately significant elevations of creatinine in urine (p<0.01) and significant increases in urinary protein (p<0.001) was associated with preeclampsia compared to normal pregnant women, further in our study, it was also found that there was moderately significant hypocalcaemia (p<0.01) and significant hyperuricemia (p<0.001) and normal Creatinine levels in blood compared to normal pregnant women. Suggesting that, measurement of calcium in urine along with estimation of protein in urine may be used as screening tests along with estimation of blood levels of calcium and uric acid for confirming PIH cases. Keywords: PIH, Urinary calcium, Creatinine, Protein and Protein/Creatinine ratio, serum uric acid.

In this study, the bryophyte flora of the Biga Peninsula (Canakkale province) was investigated. In total 119 taxa were found in this area. According to the grid-square system formed by Henderson (1961), 37 moss taxa for A1 square are new records. Among them Rhabdoweisia crispata, Schistidium robustum and Scorpidium cossonii are recorded for the first time in Turkey. In addition Mielichhoferia elongata (Hoppe & Hornsch. ex Hook.) Hornsch. and Meesia uliginosa Hedw. were given as new records from the Thrace region for Turkey. And also all new national records are described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters, a description, detailed illustrations and taxonomic comments on the species are given. It is compared with the related species and the geographic distributions of the new records are given.

The impact of capital formation on the economic growth of Nigeria was studied using multiple regressions technique. It was ascertained that in the short run, gross fixed capital formation had no significant impact on economic growth; while in the long run; the VAR model estimate indicates that gross fixed capital formation, total exports and the lagged values of GDP had positive long run relationships with economic growth in Nigeria. It was equally ascertained that there exists an inverse relationship between imports (IMP), Total National Savings (TNSV) and economic growth; while GDP was seen to have a unidirectional causal relationship with export (EXP), Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), Import (IMP) and Total national saving (TNSV). The study therefore recommended that the federal government of Nigeria should reprioritize her needs by cutting down on her bogus/ bourgeoning recurrent expenditures which is about 70% of her total expenditure profile. This will help free up the much needed savings for investments in infrastructural development. The study further recommends that Nigerians must be made to mobilize the desired level of gross national savings that could be big enough to attract foreign direct investments .This is very vital as FDI will help to complement our domestic savings. The study further recommends that government should work on her potentially exportable commodities, the proceeds of which should be utilized in the procurement of needed technical tools and components. Lastly, basic infrastructures like good roads, electricity supply and security must be seen to be adequate. This will help to reduce the drudgeries associated with setting up of industries.

This paper examined the efficiencies of the evolved energy metering technologies used by the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) vis-à-vis their metering challenge. We used literature survey and field interactions with ECG experts and electricity consumers in Ghana in order to firmly conclude. This paper determined that the types of Post-paid and Prepaid metering technologies employed so far never addressed ECG’s metering challenge. The Prepaid metering technology, being the latest, was found to be more porous to energy theft and fraud or illegal connections than even the traditional postpaid technology. The economic conditions of energy consumers, their corrupted instincts, the “customer factor”/tamper possibility of meters, the technical know-how of the flaws in installed metering technology and sometimes instigations from technical experts propelled consumers to take advantage of the technological porosity to manipulate the metering system to their advantage. Advanced Metering Technology (AMT) whose billing system runs parallel with mobile phone billing system, without the “customer factor”, was recommended to address ECG’s metering challenges.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a technical jargon which is a blend of methodologies, software and internet, which are used by a company to achieve its goal through the identification and satisfaction of customer’s stated and unstated needs and wants. This software addresses customer life cycle management. This system manages company interactions with current and future customers. It involves technology to organize, automate and synchronize business processes. CRM application is an essential tool for a company to grow and help to increase the satisfaction of customers. There are many benefits of CRM; those make the market environment customer centric. In this paper, we reviewed previous studies and identify those benefits which affect customers and company both. But CRM has many problems also because of them CRM gets failure. Its failure rate is more than its success rate. We also elaborated its failure factors and along with them its critical success factors which help in making CRM a successful project for a company, however implementation of CRM is a complex task.

Introduction: Obesity is hazardous to health. On the other hand, performing exercises regularly has health benefits. The plasma cytokine levels get altered with exercise. Cytokines modulate the activity of immune system. Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Methods: The effect of single bout of moderate exercise and a single bout of strenuous exercise and one month of regular moderate exercise on plasma TNF- α level was estimated. 24 healthy non-obese subjects (15 males and 9 females) with mean age, 20.81years and mean BMI; 21.49 ± 1.23 kg/m2 were recruited. 8 obese, but otherwise healthy individuals (5 males and 3 females) with mean age 20.92 years, mean BMI; 31.78 ± 3.38 kg/m2 were inducted into the study. Age range of subjects in both groups was 18-25 years. Standardized 10m Shuttle Walk Test regime was used for performing the exercise. Plasma TNF-α was measured by Sandwich ELISA technique. The reagent kit used was from Duoset ELISA Development System (R & D Systems Europe Ltd). The readings were taken at 450nm using Organon Teknika Reader 230S. Statistical methods: Repeated measures ANOVA was used to find the differences in TNF-α level with different grades of exercise. Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction was employed to compare the cytokine levels between the 2 groups. Results: Amongst the non-obese, mean and SD values of TNF-α (in picograms per ml) for baseline (no exercise) was: 9.79 ± 1.15, for acute moderate exercise: 13.98 ± 2.66, for acute strenuous exercise: 48.28 ± 5.90 and after one month of regular moderate exercise: 5.89 ± 0.45. Amongst the obese, the TNF-α level were as follows: baseline; 14.57 ± 2.36, acute moderate exercise; 45.50 ± 15.77, acute strenuous exercise; 95.82 ± 4.16, and at end on one month of regular moderate exercise; 13.30 ± 2.76. TNF-α level showed significant difference between; a) baseline and moderate exercise, b) baseline and strenuous exercise, c) moderate and strenuous exerci

The presence of oral cancer necessitates the surgical removal of all or part of the maxilla, leaving the patient with a defect that compromises the integrity and function of the oral cavity. Surgical unit along with the prosthodontic counterpart goes hand in hand for the fulfilment of the post restorative re-establishment of the oral functioning. The immediate line of treatment includes maxillectomy with the initial insertion of an immediate surgical obturator at the time of surgery followed by the insertion of interim obturator for initial healing which thereafter replaced by definite prosthesis once the tissues are stabilised. This article will provide a method of fabricating an interim obturator which will be very easy, less time consuming, inexpensive and comfortable for the patient. Material used for this type of obturator is the common self cure acrylic resin duplicating the lost tissues using the preoperative cast.

As in many other areas of research in genetics, the availability sequenced genomes in samples of individuals has revolutionized the study of quantitative traits, because researches have developed statistical evidence regarding the locations of genomic regions, loci, that have been implicated with the expression of a quantitative trait or traits. Therefore, in cases in which it is possible to develop operational definitions of at least two alleles at each locus, genomic regions, it becomes possible to identify the genotype of each individual with respect to a set of loci that have been shown in other experiments to influence the expression of a quantitative trait. As will be shown in this paper, by knowing the genotype of each individual in a sample with respect to a set of identified loci, it is now possible to directly estimate effects that are measures of not only intra-allelic interactions at each locus under consideration but also various types of epistatic effects that are measures of interactions among alleles at different loci, governing the inheritance of a quantitative trait. These straight forward methods of estimation differ from those used in classical quantitative genetics, because such effects and corresponding variance components could be estimated indirectly, using analysis of variance procedures or some version of general linear models that have been and are widely in statistical genetics. The direct methods of estimation described in this paper, show promise towards shifting the working paradigm that has been used in classical models of the genetics of quantitative traits involving the estimation of variance components to a simpler and more direct approach.

This paper pursues the creation of theory that helps in the understanding of how the spa industry innovates and how innovation impacts its evolution. Methodologies employed include literature review, analysis of a sample of spas, and case study research on a European spa company. Conclusions highlight that easy to imitate innovation shapes the industry which makes first movers advantage vanish very quickly, since the emergence ofdominant design at maturity does not deter new entrants. This brings about a scenario of high intensity competition that may be overcome through the development of innovative low-cost business models based on critical industry success factors such as spa design with more emphasis on collective use, standardization of service providing and product bundling.

Designing multiplier is always a challenging and interesting job, in order to satisfy user needs as per demand.Vedic multiplier is prominent system for faster result and optimized circuit design. In any digital system the throughput and power consumption decides the performance. The present work mainly concentrated on Vedic multiplier power consumption and throughput. In much faster computing and parallel processing architectures, pipeline motivates for higher throughput. This is motivated to incorporate pipeline in the present work to enhance the performance of the Vedic multiplier. In the present paper, area and power consumption is also taken into consideration along with throughput. These parameters are compared for different fast adders such as RCA, CSLA, LFA, BKA, KGA in Vedic multiplier. The Vedic multipliers are designed and analysed using Cadense RTL Compiler v08.10.