Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if the surgeon can accurately predict the depth of myometrial tumor invasion in women with endometrial cancer, and if tumor invasion will correlate with node metastases. Methods: We identified 1,943 women with endometrial carcinoma who underwent hysterectomy. Of these, 295 underwent comprehensive surgical staging including lymph node analysis. All subjects also underwent gross examination of the uterine specimen by their surgeon where the depth of myometrial invasion was recorded. Patients with grade III tumors or papillary serous and clear cell histology were excluded. The presence or absence of myometrial invasion was then correlated with the incidence of nodal involvement to determine if this system can be used to predict tumor spread at the time of hysterectomy. Results: The ability of the surgeon to accurately predict the depth of myometrial invasion was 82%, sensitivity was 57%, specificity 89%, positive predictive value 62% and the negative predictive value was 88%. If this system was used as the indication for nodal evaluation the authors would have missed 3% of women with nodal metastases who had less than 50% myometrial invasion. Conclusions: Gross evaluation of the hysterectomy specimen can accurately predict depth of myometrial invasion. However, in our analysis 3% of women with less than 50% invasion had node involvement. If the surgeon had used the absence of myometrial invasion to omit nodal assessment, these lesions would have been missed. Therefore, we feel that nodal assessment should be considered in the majority of cases.

Large scale applications of fertilizer nitrogen (N) have also shown deleterious effects on groundwater quality, especially its nitrate content, which is harmful to health. Furthermore, gaseous losses of N as NH3 and NOx resulting from N fertilization have adverse effects on the environment. Therefore, the goal of all agriculture has to be to “increase food-grain production with the minimum and efficient use of chemical fertilizers”. This calls for a sincere effort on the part of agricultural scientists including extension workers to increase the efficiency of fertilizers applied in the farm fields. Glass fertilizers are new type of advanced and controlled released fertilizer and made of glass matrixes with macro elements (K, P, Mg, S, Ca) most useful for plants and also incorporated with microelements (B, Fe, Mo, Cu, Zn, Mn) which are important to the growth and development of corps or plants. The quantity of the microelements incorporated in the glass as oxide in the range 1-5%. The use of glass fertilizers offers lot of advantages: due to low or controlled solubility it avoid underground water pollution; the soil pH can be regulate by the pH of the glass matrix; do not release acid anions (Cl-, SO2-) which are harmful for plants so there is no risk of soil burning when they are incorrectly dosed; in a single type of fertilizer can be embedded almost all useful elements for plants; the controlled rate of solubility in water can be adjust easily by changing the composition of glass matrix.

with more and more multi-national corporations in this globalization age, the research on effective expatriate utilization is attracting increasing attention. Because of the culture difference, the characteristics of expatriate in different countries have distinguishing characteristics. In this study, based on multi-dimension analysis of organization, individual, culture and institution, with cases from interview with expatriates, the new factors that influence expatriate repatriation success in Japanese multi-national corporations will be discussed. According to Yan (2002), expatriate repatriation success depends on psychological contracts of expatriate individuals and multi-national corporations. And Morishima (2000) did the research on psychological contracts of general employees in Japanese corporations and changes that have happen. However, how the psychological contracts of expatriates in Japanese multi-national corporations change in recent several decades, and what new characteristics influence their repatriation success is still open to further research. Therefore, in this study, based on theoretic analysis and interviews with these expatriates in Japanese multi-national corporations, these topics will be answered and the propositions of Yan(2002) will be verified

Lung cancer is currently one of the most common cancers and a major cause of cancer-related death in the world. Eighty-five percent of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), and 15% are small cell lung cancers (SCLCs). The most important risk factor for lung cancer is tobacco smoking. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant in tobacco smoke and constitute a major etiological factor in lung cancer. NAD (P) H: quinone oxidore - ductase (NQO1) is a cytosolic flavoprotein that catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinoid compounds into less toxic hydroquinones. A single base substitution (C→T) polym - orphism at 609 in the NQO1 gene reduces quinone redu - ctase activity. Published data on the association between NQO1609 C˃T polymorphism and lung cancer risk are conflicting. In this study, we investigated NQO1genotype in relation to lung cancer risk. The cases were patients attending Chest diseases unit in the Alexandria Main University Hospital with bronchogenic carcinoma in different stages. The control group consisted of age-matched male adults from the same socioeconomic class. DNA extraction from EDTA blood samples and genotyping was successfully carried out for 100 cases and 100 controls by PCR-RFLP and PCR-CTPP. Pat - ients carrying at least one variant allele for the NQO1 609 SNP (CT/TT genotype) were found to have almost a 2.2 -fold increased lung cancer risk than those with CC genotype, 4.3- fold increased risk of developing SCLC and 3.8- fold increased risk for lung cancer with other histological type. Furthermore, the heavy smokers (>21 p-y) patients with one or two copies of the T variant allele had 3.6-fold increased lung cancer risk compared to those with CC genotype, while, the risk for squamous cell carcinoma was 2.4-fold and 17.9-fold for SCLC. These results suggest that individuals with reduced enzyme activity, due to NQO1 609 C˃T polymorphism, may therefore have an increased risk of lung cancer.

Emotions are considered to be the reflection of human thinking and decision-making process which increase his/her performance by producing an intelligent outcome. Hence it is a challenging task to embed the emotional intelligence in machine as well so that it could respond appropriately. However, present human computer interfaces still don’t fully utilize emotion feedback to create a more natural environment because the performance of the emotion recognition is still not very robust and reliable and far from real life experience. In this paper, we present an attempt in addressing this aspect and identifying the major challenges in the process. We introduce the concept of ‘emotion profile’ to evaluate an individual feature as each feature irrespective of the modality has different capability for differentiating among the various subsets of emotions. To capture the discrimination across target emotions w.r.t. each feature we propose a framework for emotion recognition built around if-then rules using certainty factors to represent uncertainty and unreliability of individual features. This technique appears to be simple and effective for these kind of problems.

The skin is a complex and the largest organ in the body. Wide range of diseases can develop from the skin including tumors from surface epidermis. The vast diversity of these lesions and descriptive data, often overlapping produces confusion in the area of nomenclature and difficulty in diagnosis.1 Histopathological study is valuable means of diagnosis in dermatology. But it has limitations; som - etimes, in case of tumors definitive diagnosis cannot be made.2 The distinction between benign and malignant neoplasm are rather more difficult to define when they appear in skin than when found elsewhere3 and histopathological examination is frequently required to establish a definitive diagnosis. Diagnosis of any skin tumors can be done by correlating clinical features and histological features, which can be supported by histochemistry, immuno-histochemistry and electron microscopy.

We examined task switching to different attributes of faces (gender, emotion, occupation) when an irrelevant aspect of the face could also change (e.g., the facial emotion could change when participants alternated every second trial between gender and occupation decisions). The change in the irrelevant attribute either coincided with a repetition or a switch in the explicit task. The results indicated disruptive effects of changing the facial emotion and gender of the face when it was irrelevant to the main task, but no effect of changing the occupation of the person.The data are consistent with the implicit processing of facial emotion and gender but not of higher-order semantic aspects of faces (the person’s occupation), unless those aspects are task-relevant.

In most non-English speaking countries, the language is basically seen as an academic endeavour for some general or specific purposes. Teachers, academicians, syllabus designers, but not learners, are often involved in structuring, designing or promoting the curricula and teaching activities. The rationale of this paper is to integrate other contributing components to the teaching and learning of English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP). Authentic material, ICT, learners’ communication, task based activities, the teacher’s facilitator role, digital teaching, purpose oriented assessment, learner centred methods and project oriented curricula are the current needs of higher education in the Moroccan university. Thus, the objective of this paper is to give some new insights that might contribute in the digital change and the current needs of learning and teaching enterprise. For this purpose, a case study of teaching some linguistic and research methods courses has been conducted in the English department at Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco, to evaluate to current situation, analyse the data and suggest a reconstructive model based on ICT and learners’ integration.

This article uses the male cultural phenomenon that is The Beatles as a text through which to examine changing representations of men and masculinities at a particular historical moment, illustrating the ways in which the Beatles’ film Help! (1965) represents the re-imagining of what is meant to be an English man in the mid 1960s, containing, as it does, discourses which challenge notions of masculinity prevalent of the time.Discourses around hair, clothing, physical appearance and style are at work in the text.It also raises questions about ‘establishment’ values and the link between male identity and work which, up to that point, had been central to the male cinematic identity.The text also references ideas around upward mobility prevalent at the time of its production and argues that The Beatles provide a focus for debates around men and masculinity given their global popularity which was partly achieved through the medium of film.

Olomouc with Jeseníky mountains tourism in Czech Republic is unique for its floristic richness, which is caused mainly by the altitude division and polymorphism of the landscape; climate and oil structure are other important factors. This study assesses the impacts of tourism on the land cover in the Jeseniky mountain region by comparing multi-temporal Landsat imagery (1991, 2001 and 2013) to describe the rate and extent of land-cover change throughout the Jeseniky mountain region. This was achieved through spectral classification of different land cover and by assessing the change in forest; settlements; pasture and agriculture in relation to increasing distances (5, 10 and 15 km) from three tourism site. The results indicate that the area was deforested (11.13%) from 1991 to 2001 than experienced forest regrowth (6.71%) from 2001 to 2013. In first decay pasture and agriculture areas was increase and then in next decay it was decrease. The influence of tourism facilities on land cover is also variable. Around each of the tourism site sampled there was a general trend of forest removal decreasing as the distance from each village increased, which indicates tourism does have a negative impact on forests. However, there was an opposite trend from 2001 to 2013 that indicate conservation area. The interplay among global (tourism, climate), regional (national policies, large-river management), and local (construction and agriculture, energy and water sources to support the tourism industry) factors drives a distinctive but complex pattern of land-use and land-cover disturbance. As Olomouc is a unique and complex landmark with widespread forestation and land use. This research work was conducted to assess important and complex land use change trajectories in Olomouc region. Multi-temporal satellite data from 1991, 2001 and 2013 were used to extract land use/cover types by object oriented classification method. To achieve the objectives, three different aspects were used,