Beverage companies are used stainless steel in their manufacturing operations. Generally beverage companies make wine, beer and various types of soft drink. Their transportation and storage can be done in stainless steel containers. Beverage industries use different types of raw materials for the productions wine, beer and soft drink. They are acidic nature and their pH occur between5.5 to 6.5. Some preservatives are also added into these drinks for prevention of microorganism. These preservatives have acidic character. Wine, beer, soft drink and preservatives develop corrosion cell on the surface stainless steel thus corrosion reaction starts and harmful metal ions go into solution in this way these drinks contaminated. The contaminated drinks create several diseases. Corrosive effects are of remarkable consequence in beverage processing industry as wine, beer and soft drink contain corrosive substances, thereby causing significant impact on the degradation of constructional materials and the maintenance or replacement of products lost or contaminated as a result of corrosion reactions. For this work aloevera was taken as inhibitor. Aloevera was found to inhibit the corrosion of stainless steel in beverage. Its inhibition activities studied at different concentrations, temperatures and different intervals of times. The inhibition efficiencies and surface coverage area of aloevera increased as the concentration and temperature of aloevera increased. Inhibitive and adsorption properties of aloevera for the corrosion of stainless steel were investigated using weight loss and potentiostic methods. Test coupons dipped into drinks and the corrosion rate was determined by weight loss method. The corrosion current density absence and presence of inhibitor was studied by Potentiostic polarization technique.

This study explores the incentive instrument to avoid overuse of nitrogen.Overuse of nitrogen, typically in the form of fertilizers and pesticides, causes Non-point source pollution (NPS).This study therefore attempts to identify and discusswhat the mechanism and reasonthat results in this nitrogen over-use. It also assesses how to introduce market tools that would provide the right incentives to stop its overuse. Thepaper compares thecurrent water pollution management systemsin the Chesapeake Bay, USA,where payments forcapital costsat the farmandabatement programsof agricultural measureshave been undertaken, with the current systemsof Dianchi LakeinChina. The methodology used involves a comprehensivereview ofthe relevantdefinitions of terms used in Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) by theChineseand the international community.It discusses implementation of PES for managing farmers’ use of fertilizer in China, and includesthe steps neededto determine appropriate compensation levels in these PES systems.The analysis uses interviews conducted with farmers in Yunnan Province and an economic analysis of current subsidy policies, taxes, and grants used domestically and internationally to determine the best PES measures needed The findings suggest that one of the mainways to reduce the overuseof nitrogen and thusreduce run-off pollution (NPS) isto change the current Chinesesubsidy programsby creating new directsubsidies that will promote and rewardbehavior change. This will give incentives to farmers to curb their overuse of chemical fertilizers.

The present paper investigates the effect of sintering temperature and graphite content on the microstructure and effect on wear and frictional properties of Fe+C powder metallurgy preforms. For the present work the specimens were prepared with graphite content 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by weight and were sintered at three sintering temperature 800°C, 900°C and 1050°C. Microstructural properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The wear and friction property of the powder preforms were tested on Pin-On-Disc apparatus. The powder specimen was used as pins and the disc was of AISI 51200 steel. The experiments was carried out under load of 40 N, speed 1000 rpm, time 1500 seconds and relative humidity 60% - 65%. The result was 2% graphite content specimen with sintering temperature 1050°C showed good wear resistance. The wear rate decreased with the increase in sintering temperature and increase in graphite content of the specimen.

This study aims to examine the causal relationship between economic growth and exports in Jordan using the Granger methodology in order to determine the direction of the relationship between the two variables during the period 2000- 2012. The study found that there is a causal relationship going from the economic growth to Export, and not vice versa. Based on the outcome of causality tests, the changes in the economic growth help explain the changes that occur in the Export.

The aim of this paper is to assess the factors affecting acceptance of agricultural innovations in Zurmi Local Government Area of Zamfara State of Nigeria. The researcher investigated why new innovations were rejected and the role of government in motivating farmers to accept new innovations. A total sample of 80 respondents was selected out of the selected six wards, to represent the entire local government. Data was analysed using various statistical tools like frequencies, percentages and direct response. The major conclusions drawn from this paper were data regarding responses to new innovations have shown that 28 (35%) of the respondents accepted new innovations while 52 (65%) rejected the idea. Survey results regarding why new innovations were rejected revealed that 27 (33.7%) of the respondents reported poor roads is responsible, while 13 (16.2%) were not interested in accepting new innovations at all. Similarly, 40 (50%) reported financial constraints is responsible for not accepting new innovations. Perception of respondents regarding what should government do to encourage farmers to accept new innovations revealed that majority of the farmers 48 (60%) agreed that government should give loans to them. Similarly, 22 (27.5%) agreed that more extension advice should be delivered. Only 10 (12.5%) would want government to sell inputs at subsidised rates. Finally, this paper recommends some strategies aim at motivating farmers to accept new agricultural innovations.

Recently, irregular sampling techniques have been proposed for the design of digital front-end of a radio receiver. This front-end consist in the interface between the analog front-end and the baseband processing. The advantage of these techniques is the simplification of the sampling frequency conversion and the channel selection. The objective of the proposed work is to study if a gain in power consumption is also obtained. In this paper, the major research is the digital-front-end power consumption by using random sampling. Firstly, we introduce the methods of random sampling JRS (Jitter random sampling) and ARS (Additive random sampling). Then we use these methods to generate the random clock, select the hardware as mixed platform with ADC and FPGA and implement different solutions. At last, we measure the power consumption of different solutions and make a comparison.

The objective of the present paper is to obtain the reliability of a harvesting system having three unit tractor (T), combine (C) and wagon (W) using supplementary variable technique. For successful operation of the system units T and C must be remain operative while when unit W fails system works partially. Two repairmen are involved in repairing of the system. One of the repairmen (the first) is the foreman (boss) and the other an assistant (apprentice). Whenever unit T and C fails repair is undertaken by boss while repair of the wagon is undertaken by the trainee. If the boss is busy in repairing and at the same time other unit fails then the repair is undertaken by apprentice. With the help of Supplementary variable technique, Laplace transformations and copula methodology, the transition state probabilities, asymptotic behavior, reliability, M.T.T.F. and sensitivity analysis of the system have been evaluated.

The current study evaluated the outcome of a retrospective series of 37 revision total hip arthroplasties with severe acetabular bone defects reconstruction using an antiprotrusio cage. We aimed to compare the peri and postoperative complications and mid-term outcomes of two groups, a reconstruction using a dual mobility cup (DMC) cemented into the cage (n=14) or a cemented simple polyethylene cup (SPEC) (n=23) at a mean follow-up of 5 years. We found an inverse association between the use of DMCs and both dislocation rate (p<0.05) and dislocation undergoing revision (p <0.05). No aseptic loosening was found in the DMC-group and there were no differences in the rest of the complications between the DMC-group and the SPEC-group (p>0.05). In conclusion, DMCs demonstrated excellent results at mid-term follow-up in terms of prevention of instability and stable cemented fixation.

To analyzing the EC (μS/cm), RSC (meq/L) and SAR for assessing the quality of ground water of District Dera Ghazi Khan Southern Punjab (Pakistan). About 16555 water samples from D. G. Khan Tehsil and 5500 water samples from Tehsil Taunsa Sharif were collected. On the basis of RSC water samples show highly fitness. In Tehsil D. G. Khan it was 99% fit, correspondingly same result were drown from Taunsa Sharif. However on SAR basis ground water quality were noted that 98% from D.G. Khan and 97% from Taunsa Sharif were fit. Finally classifying the water samples on the three quality parameters EC (μS/cm), RSC (meq/L) and SAR in Tehsil D. G Khan and Taunsa Sharif following result were set up in (Table 6) that point out 60.60% water samples were consider fit, 5.65% marginally fit and 33.75% unfit, respectively. In Tehsil Taunsa Sharif, 29.07% samples were fit, 4.02% were marginally fit and 66.91% were unfit.

The study was carried out to examine the small holder fish farmer’s information and training needs in Ogun State of Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used to select forty (40) fish farmers from each of the selected four agricultural extension zones. These data were collected from field through the use of structured interview; data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study revealed that majority of the respondents fell between the age bracket of 41 and 50 years, over 60.0% were males and were married, with an household size ranges between 4 - 6 persons on average of 5 persons per house hold. The result indicated that majority of fish farmers sold fishes above N300:00 in all the four extension zones. The study show that majority of the respondents in the four agricultural extension zones performed fish farming management practices (cleaning, weeding, water quality) maintenance more frequently. Also fish production constraints faced includes high cost of feed, farm microcredit procurement and inadequate capital. The result of the hypotheses (ANOVA) revealed that there is a significant difference between the socioeconomic characteristics othe fish farmers and thier information and training needs at p<0.05 except for sex which showed a significant difference.Based on the research, more extension workers should be employed to give the technical knowledge to fish farmers on how to use some equipment and dissemination of new innovations on how to improve their fish farming system and productivity.