The spate of the occurrence of Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria and indeed Africa is sporadic and to say the least alarming. To scholars of Ethnic Conflict in Africa, it has defied all logical approaches to its resolution. Based on this fact international organisations have begun to look for alternative means of approaching these conflicts. Not a few have agreed that wars are better and cheaper prevented than resolved or transformed. In the light of this, this paper had set out to look at the concept of Preventive Diplomacy, Ethnic Conflict, Women and the role they play in mitigating conflict by researching into activities of women in pre and post-conflict situations in selected African conflict and has been able to establish the peculiar capacity of women in dousing tension both at domestic and communal levels.

This paper presents a specific and innovative implementation of cultural algorithm, which attempts to solve the assignment problem using a simplified computational procedure, which in our view is considered to be efficient than genetic algorithm. It consists of a population component almost identical to that of the genetic algorithm and, in addition, a knowledge component called the belief space. As the assignment problem is a “N men – N jobs” combinatorial optimization problem with a constraint that a single job can be assigned to only one person in such a way that the overall cost is minimized; Here the constraint that the man or job which involves the least cost and largest cost as well are availed as the knowledge component and is used to build the belief space.

Mark Katz has been focusing on the topic of revolutionary waves for several years.According to him, a wave commences when a major revolution transpires in a particular nation within the international system.Soon after this central revolution takes place, subsequent revolutions can be expected in other countries. At times, these affiliate revolutions only occurin the same region as the central revolution. This can be noticed if the first major revolutionary wave of the twenty-first century is taken into consideration.Towards the beginning of 2011, the authoritarian government in Tunisia was removed from power after a series of demonstrations.Following this central revolution, affiliate revolutions happened in other Arab states like Egypt and Yemen.

The CubeSats are small satellites with cubic shaped structures that are electrically energized only after inserted into orbit operation. Due to this condition it is necessary that the components of the electrical architecture cubesat are properly tested before of the operation in orbit, to highlight the level of reliability suitable for the application in question. In this context, this paper proposes a model to simulate the energy produced by photovoltaic panels in order to make the test charge and discharge batteries that are present in the power distribution system that supplies the electrical and electronic components installed on the cubesat. The validation of the simulation discussed in this work is done by testing the prototype which has been developed for this purpose. The positive results observed in the tests suggest that the simulation is able to reproduce the main conditions of energy production that is performed by the photovoltaic panel’s cubesat in the orbit of operation.

Objectives: The paper deals with the development and clinical evaluation of a new bioactive implant designed for anterior cervical interbody fusion (ACIF) in the surgical treatment of unstable injury in subaxial part of cervical spine (type A2, 3 and B3 fractures according to Aebi and Nazarian classification). Significance of the topic: In the middle of the nineties of the last century the glass-ceramic prosthesis BAS-0 made it possible to gain the first experiences in materials replacing allografts for ACIF. Its major disadvantage lay in insufficient resistance. Given these complications, we searched for a stronger material while maintaining the bioactive properties of the glass-ceramics. Bioactive titanium with a special surface treatment by the company LASAK proved to be such a material. New Implant suitable for ACIF was developed in the year 2003. This type was introduced into clinical practice in 2004 after experimental mathematical verification of the design and cadaver testing. Brief methodology: The new implant has a basic shape of a full truncated prism narrowed by 1 degree towards the spinal canal; its length is 13-15 mm with a graded height of 8-5 mm and width of 13 mm. We have used this implant successfully in the treatment of patients with cervical spine injury in unstable fractures. It was indicated the anterior decompression of the spinal canal with interbody fusion together with plate systems. Results: During the years 2006 – 2011 we operated 26 patients with unstable fractures in subaxial cervical spine. We performed successful surgery using new bioactive titanium implant in 12 patients. The outcomes were evaluated according to the standard criteria used in this kind of operations (clinical scoring schemes, radiological imaging) with a follow-up of at least 1 year. Conclusion: When comparing the operation techniques using different types of implants to our implants we found one significant difference. Thanks to the new shape and bioactive properti

The issue of maritime disaster has become very worrisome to all stakeholders of the maritime industry, particularly the main actors in the industry. The causes and the consequent effects of maritime disasters are so numerous hence justifies this research work. Research and statistics show that human error is to blame in over 70% of marine accidents. As a matter of need and concern to the researcher and the maritime industry, the researcher was angered to carry out this work on minimization of maritime disasters with the view of contributing to the way of minimizing this menace. Research problems were stated while research questions were also formulated in order to help address the problem statements of this subject. Statistical data were extracted from Mikael E and Oscar E. on Maritime disasters from 1852 to 2011. The data collected were analysed and findings were also made. The finding shows the causes and the effect of maritime disasters such as poor education and training, inadequate policies and procedures, external factors like bad weather, Technical factors like unavailability of advanced equipments like GMDSS, human factor and its effects such as financial loss to both, the ship owner and the nearby local communities is huge, loss of job, collision with an offshore structure or a port leads to infrastructure damage and thus cause a heavy blow to human efforts among others. Recommendations such as proper implementation of the latest STCW requirements, master took the proper measures (such as reduce speed, change course, go to a safe place, send distress signal, putting in place advanced technology systems that would reduce the risk of accidents were made at the end of the research to help curb this ugly menace.

This paper presents how a single rising bubble experiment in the Hallimond Tube can be predicted using computational fluid dynamics model. The study is emphasized on the effect of aspect ratio of cylinder domain to the pressure coefficient and axial velocity around the bubble. A rigid sphere with the radius of 0.00575 m using flow velocity of 0.25 m/s is considered in this study. Numerical and simulated data obtained by other researchers in the similar study were used to validate the simulation results from computational fluid dynamics model. It was observed that a change in width in aspect ratio, causing significant change in the value of simulation data. The highest percentage of difference was observed at the vicinity of θ = 85.26o which is 32.4%.

The Novel “The Coexistence” written by Stephen Gill obviously conveys strong ethic, political, religious and social messages. Our approach is meant to achieve a few parallels, in the manner of a more extended comment, between the principles mentioned by the heroes of the novel and the way in which the same ideas regarding the peaceful coexistence, the political and economical relations between states, the status of religion in the era of globalization or the issue of peace and war are looked after in the contemporary political philosophy. These compared approaches, absolutely necessary and welcomed for reflection, even if sometimes contradictory with the ethic precepts assumed in the novel, do not decrease at all the value of Stephen Gill’s book, because the appraisal of a novel is not definitely defined by the scientific quality of the opinions that the literary characters issue at some point but by the possible impact that the respective fictional writing has on the public reader.

Mathematics plays an important role in the fast changing educational scenario. It has a wide application in the present growing science and technological world. Mathematical knowledge is the key to understand the science and technology and it can be familiarized through the friendly Mathematical environment among the learners, teachers, parents and other stakeholders from the beginning of schooling. The growth of mathematics education is not satisfactory from the schooling. Due to lack of best practices of the known and unknown factors that to be studied are the hindrances in the growth of mathematics education. This study aims to focus on the issues of the growth of Mathematic education.

The aqueous extracts of three edible mushroom species viz. Agaricus bisporus, Calocybe indica and Pleurotus ostreatus were analyzed for antioxidant activity using in vitro biochemical assays. In this study, the effect of widely used three cooking conditions, boiling, steaming and microwaving on the antioxidant content of the mushroom species were explored by comparatively analyzing the raw and cooked mushrooms. Cooking the food affects the total antioxidant content due to release of antioxidant, destruction or creation of redox-active metabolites. The radical scavenging ability and reducing power were observed to increase in cooked mushrooms while the ion chelating ability decreased than the fresh one. The DPPH radical scavenging ability for fresh P.ostreatus, A.bisporus and C.indica were 44.7, 42.7 and 40.3% respectively at the highest concentration. The scavenging ability for steam cooked P.ostreatus, A.bisporus and C.indica were 94.4, 91.8 and 89.3% respectively. The overall results suggest that the total antioxidant activity of the mushroom species were in the order of P.ostreatus> A.bisporus >C.indica. Among the cooking methods adopted in this study, the antioxidant content was highest in steam cooked mushrooms followed by boiled and microwaved. Thus, steaming is considered as the best cooking method of choice in order to release/ conserve antioxidants in mushrooms.