The main aim of the present paper is to compute a summation formula involving recur- rence relation of Gamma function.

The main aim of the present paper is to develop a summation formula associated to recurrence relation and contiguous relation.

This paper reviews the articles on how importance does an individual’s spiritual intelligence (SQ) and spiritual congruence (SC) affect individual’s attitude in making decision in purchasing product. When the person lives in a way that blends spirituality into his daily life, it will reflect their attitudes and behavior in making the best decision in his life and this allows its association with the rational cognitive processes like goal achievement and problem solving. Meanwhile SC is to examine the degree of match between how consumers actually see themselves in relation to product image. The paper examines the academic literature on construct as well as presents SQ and SC as a causal factor in the formation of the attitude and behaviors of the consumer. The phenomenon of SQ in the organization and workplace has received enormous attention from other scholars. The construct of SQ in individual perspective and developing measurement scale to explore the dimensionality of the concept has not been much explored. While SC is to examine the degree of match between how consumers actually see themselves in relation to Halal cosmetic product image. Thus, this study attempts to enrich the understanding the importance of SQ from the Islamic and western perspective, and SC of individual’ attitude towards purchase Halal cosmetic among female Muslim in Malaysia.

This paper describes a class of null sets; point, lattice measure of a point and lattice semi-finite measure were introduced. Here it has been derived a result that in a countable Boolean lattice the lattice measure of any two points are either disjoint or identical also the class of all points in countable Boolean lattice is countable and proved that Any union countable of null partial lattices is null partial lattice, also established that the class of points in countable Boolean lattice is countable. It has been obtained a theorem that if a countable Boolean lattice is pointless if and only if every non empty set in countable Boolean lattice contains countable number of disjoint non-empty sets. Finally it has been observed that some elementary nature of points in a countable Boolean lattice.

Convenience is one aspect that should be considered in an online learning environment. Without convenience it is very impossible to implement successfully online learning particularly in higher learning institution.The purpose of this study was to explore the online learning conveniences from students’ perception. A cohort of 61 science physics students from School of Science and Technology (SST) and 41pre-service science teachers from the School of Education and Social Development (SESD) of Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia comprised the sample. The course involved was Modern Physics and this course is a compulsory. Both groups were supported via an online learning environment, which acted as the main medium for learning.Participants’ perception on conveniences was recorded through an open-ended questionnaire and a focus group interview. The output of these qualitativedata, can be categorised into several themes, as in general they felt that learning through online is really convenient and ease; and they were also using online to search for information. Somehow there was also negative feedbackwhere they felt not satisfied with the Internet coverage. In additional the SESD’s student stressed that their communication skills were enhanced.

Modern engineering assets are complex and very high in value. They are expected to function for years to come, with ability to handle the change in technology and ageing modification. The aging of an engineering asset and continues increase of vendors and contractors numbers forces the asset operation management (or Owner) to design an asset management system which can capture these changes. Furthermore, an accurate performance measurement and risk evaluation processes are highly needed. Therefore, this paper propose an asset management system performance evaluation for an engineering asset based on the System Support Engineering (SSE) principles. The research work explores the asset management system from a range of perspectives, interviewing managers from across an industrial organization. The factors contributing to complexity of an asset management system are described in context which clusters them into several key areas. It is proposed that SSE framework may then be used as a tool for analysis and management of asset with given an industrial example. The paper will conclude with discussion of potential application of the framework and opportunities for future research.

In the article answers are given on the most important questions asked by experts regarding a new way for protecting digital protective relays from cyber attacks and intentional destructive electromagnetic impact, described by author in previous publication.

In the days of Shakespeare and the Elizabethans, even up to the time of Molière, a lot of works were produced, especially in the dramatic arts and poetry. In those periods, writing was generally done in ink with a pen or ordinary feather, in long rolls of well-kept manuscripts. Shakespeare wrote almost exclusively for England and the English audience, while Molière’s readers and audience were mainly in France, apart from a few outsiders who had acquired foreign languages. Towards the end of the last century, globalization has so expanded national literatures beyond national boundaries that it has become even difficult to identify some literary production with particular nations. Technology has made it possible to read other works on-line and on the internet. And with the development of expertise in translation, the Americans now read Jean- Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, etc, while the French can now appreciate George Orwell, Ernest Hemingway and other American writers by reading them in French. Literary translation therefore, in no small way, helps to nurture a type of crossbreed of cultures throughout the world by making the socio-cultural contents of literary works available to others in their own languages. But in order to do this successfully, the translator must, apart from decoding the language of the original work, make some extra effort to adapt the translated work to suit the socio-cultural sensibilities of the users of the target language.

Almost a half century after it broke out, Mau Mau uprising continues to be a subject of controversy. Major questions are: What is the legacy of Mau Mau in Kenya? What is its legitimacy? Was Mau Mau a nationalist or tribal movement? Is Kenya’s independence a product of Mau Mau? As the amount of literature on the subject of rebellion continues to grow, it is becoming clear that the historical meaning and interpretation of a movement such as Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya is to be determined to a large extent by the perspective of the historian who is making the study. Mau Mau has been described as a peasant revolt, an atavistic socio-religious movement, a visible manifestation of the psychological breakdown of a primitive tribe in a modern age, a critical stage in the development of a legitimate nationalist movement, and innumerable other things. The only element which appears to remain consistent throughout all these various views is that the context of the historian and his/her method of analysis affect his/her interpretation as much if not more than the context of the rebellion itself. However, any significant historical event is marked by its attachment to the people, events and institutions to either side of its occurrence. This nexus, or series of linkages, is the determinate, if unstated, context of the event which gives it nearly all its importance. If a movement, person or event came out of nowhere and went nowhere, people, and especially historians, would very soon forget it. The Mau Mau rebellion continues to attract the attention of many people for the simple reason that it still has a great effect on people of Kenya and the rest of the world. Obviously it has in some fashion advanced into the present day, fifty years after independence. This linkage was established not because Mau Mau was successful, nor because it failed; it exists fifty years after independence because people, especially historians, have been unable to define the legacy which Mau Mau has

This paper purposed to find out whether teacher demographic variables had an association with pupil total attitude towards the teaching and learning of science amongst secondary school students. A random sample of 243 pupils (115 girls, 128 boys: age range 12-17 years) comprised the respondents. The study was premised on survey paradigm with a self designed and administered questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. Meta analysis based on (Ho) testing was implemented, leading to F- ratios at p < 0.05 being tabulated and discussed. It was found out that teacher experience, teacher qualification and teacher gender were significantly related to pupil attitude towards the learning of classroom science. It was concluded that science must be taught by well qualified and experienced teachers. Institutions of higher learning educating science teachers must envisage gender equity and equality, among others.