Drugs removed from the body either without changing from its original form or in the form of its metabolite. Allopurinol drug decreases uric acid level in blood and it is used for the treatment of gout and tumor lysis syndrome. Allopurinol and its active metabolite oxipurinol stop the function of xanthine oxidase which forms uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. In this study a quantitative assay using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection was used as a method for quantification of allopurinol and oxipurinol in human serum and urine samples of gout patients after allopurinol administration. The urinary excretion and renal clearance was determined in male gout patients. Blood and urine samples of the human male patients of gout (n=10) after the oral administration of 300mg drug were taken at different time intervals. Results of this study show that there is slow metabolism of allopurinol inside body due to its extensive bonding with blood proteins. Statistical analysis was performed by expressing all the data as mean and ± standard error of mean. The effect of pH and diuresis on renal clearance of allopurinol was studied by regression analysis.

Condom use during sexual intercourse has been ascertained to be a good contraceptive method that reduces the spread of HIV/STDs. Youths which constitute a high proportion of Nigerians will be at risk of HIV/STDs if they miss the mark to use condom and more research should focus on how to encourage sexually active youth in protected sexually activities. This study utilized NARHS 2007 survey dataset. It focused on sample of males and females age 15-24 years living in regular households in rural and urban area in Nigeria. The dependent variables were lifetimes and current use of condom. Data was analysed using Chi-square and logistic regression (α=5.0%). Mean age of the respondent was 19.6±2.8, 25.1% are lifetime use of condom and current use of condom among those who had use condom in their lifetime was 72.2%.Youth’s lifetime use of condom is statistically associated with all the background characteristics except marital status while current use of condom was found to be averse few of the selected variables such as Sex, Marital status, Number of sexual partners and alcohol intake.

Magnesium titanate based dielectric materials are used for producing type-I capacitors. A common way of obtaining this material is a solid-state reaction. The process of sintering can be enhanced if mechanical activation preceedes. In this work starting powders of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a rutile crystal modification were weighed to attain a 1:1 molar MgCO3:TiO2. Mechanical activation of the starting mixture was performed by high energy ball milling using ZrO balls and vessels with ball to powder mass ratio 40:1. The observed grinding times were 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The isothermal sintering of compacted powders was conducted at 1100oC during 30, 60 and 180 minutes. For specimens synthesized in such a manner, microwave dielectric properties were measured, quality factor Q and the dielectric constant (εr) in function of frequency. The measurements of electrical resistivity, capacitance and loss tangent of samples were measured in the frequency range from 500 Hz to 5 MHz frequencies with a HIOKI 3532-50 LCR HiTESTER device at a constant voltage mode (amplitude 0.5 V of sinusoidal signal applied to the specimens).

Measuring earnings management is a crucial issue for stockholders and investors alike. Investors’ efficient evaluation of a firm (firm performance and its stocks returns on the stock market) depends on the selection of a measurement model appropriate to earnings management. Within this line of thinking, our study aims at presenting and comparing four earnings management measurement models examining Tunisian stock market information content and the ability to forecast managers’ behaviour. We classified the variable “discretionary accruals” into higher and lower levels and then analysed its effect on returns. The obtained results point to a significant coefficient for the two levels of discretionary accruals (according to the four models). This confirms that discretionary accruals allow Tunisian investors to better evaluate firm value and optimally form their stocks portfolios. Moreover, this study highlighted the determining role of firm size. For this latter, earnings management allows for increasing abnormal positive stocks returns for large Tunisian firms and reducing abnormal negative stocks returns for small Tunisian firms. In conclusion, if these accruals measurement models reach conclusions which are empirically reliable, this comes from the fact that they are very partial to reflect a complex reality.

In this paper, an application of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiset in Robotics is discussed. The basic operations on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multisets such as union, intersection, addition, multiplication etc. are discussed. Accuracy of Collaborative Robots using the concept of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiset is discussed.

A combina tion of field surveys and direct observation was used to identify botanicals whose roots are extracted for anti-malaria purposes. A total of 33 botanicals were identified as having their roots being exploited for anti-malaria utilization in the study area. 14 of these species, representing 42% of the botanicals, were being cultivated while 58% were not cultivated. Most of the uncultivated species were indigenous tree species that has forest as their primary source. With the increasing deforestation, there is the need for conservation of these species. Strategies that would enhance the sustainable utilization of the species and make them available to the present and future generations were proposed.

The aim of this paper is to present given technological applications of the Theory of Dynamic Interactions, a theory that has been the object of my investigation and embodies a new scientific approach to Rotational Dynamics. The method utilized in the development of this theory, and its applications, consists of a scientific analysis of the dynamic fields that are generated in bodies subjected to simultaneous non-coaxial rotations. The results obtained in the development of this dynamic theory allow an innovative approach to significant scientific and technological applications, for example, in orbital dynamics, orbit determination, and orbit control. As a conclusion, under the Theory of Dynamic Interactions various new assumptions have been elaborated based on the analysis of inertial fields generated. A new criteria has been found applicable in the understanding of the coupling of velocity fields. The innovative dynamic theory that has been developed, based on new concepts such as rotational inertia or field’s coupling, has numerous technological applications in accelerated rotation systems.

One of the major important aspects of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is their capability to collect and process huge amounts of information in parallel with the help of small, power limited devices enabling their use in observation, target detection and various other monitoring applications. Recently, new ideas have been proposed to develop cognitive WSNs (CWSNs) to enhance awareness about the network and environment, and make adaptive decisions based on the application goals. A CWSN is a special network, which has many constraints compared to traditional wireless network. But the major problem is security. In this paper discovering various security threats in these networks and various defense mechanisms to counter these vulnerabilities. Various types of attacks on CWSNs are categorized under different classes based on their natures and targets, and corresponding to each attack class, appropriate security mechanisms are discussed.

This paper describes a corpus-based analysis of the humanizing metaphor <> and supports that constitutive metaphor in science and technology may be highly metaphorical and active. The study, grounded in Lakoff’s Theory of Metaphor and in Langacker’s relational networks, consists of two phases: firstly, Earth Science metaphorical terms were extracted from databases and dictionaries and, then, contextualized by means of the “Wordsmith” tool in a digitalized corpus created to establish their productivity. Secondly, the terms were classified to disclose the main conceptual metaphors underlying them; then, the mappings and the relational networks of the metaphor <> were described. Results confirm the systematicity and productivity of the metaphor in this field, show evidence that metaphoricity of scientific terms is gradable, and support that Earth Science metaphors are not only created in terms of their concrete salient properties and attributes, but also on abstract human anthropocentric projections.

Background: Malaria is an endemic disease in India. It is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by genus Plasmodium. Complications usually occur with P.falciparum, its occurrence has been rarely reported in cases of P. vivax malaria. We observe 107 patients with P.vivax malaria who developed complications in the form of Thrombocytopenia, Acute kidney injury, hyperbillirubinemia & cerebral malaria, a rare presentation in P.vivax malaria. Objectives: As the burden of P.vivax malaria is progressively increasing in community this study has been carried out to find out various complications in P.vivax malaria which is considered as a benign entity. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 150 patients hospitalized in C.U.Shah hospital of P.vivax infection on initial microscopy with complications over a two year period. Hematological, biochemical, serological, radiological investigations are performed to identify complications. Results: As per study, burden of P.vivax(67%) is more in community as compared to P.falciparum(33%). Out of 150 patients of P.vivax malaria, 107 patients were having various complications in the form of Thrombocytopenia (71.33%), Anemia(10%), hyperbillirubinemia(8.67%), Acute renal failure(8%) and cerebral malaria(1.33%) in their respective order. Most common complication is thromb-ocytopenia. Male gender is more prone to develop complicated P.vivax malaria than female with unknown reason. Conclusion: As per observations, P.vivax malaria is no more benign disease. P.vivax can be presented with various complications and as far as thrombocytopenia is concern, it has a favorable prognosis and does not require platelet transfusion regularly except sequel is present.