Introduction; The aim of this research is to determine the effect of instructional games in judo on claw strength, which is one of the basic features of judo, by their goal-directed application. Method; with this purpose, in the January of 2009, a pretest was carried out on 37 male sportsmen who were taking judo training in Edirne (experiment group) and Tekirdağ (control group). At the end of the training programme which was applied on these sportsmen for 12 months; the improvement of the sportsmen was identified and in January 2010, their final tests were performed. The comparison of Experiment and Control male groups‟ pretests, the comparison of Experiment and Control male groups‟ final tests, and one way variance analysis (One way ANOVA) were used among the data we have acquired through our research. A comparison was carried out between Experiment and Control groups and a difference of p<0,05 and p<0,01 was expected to be found out. From anthropometric tests, height, body weight, circumference of hand wrist, circumference of foot wrist, length of the hands and feet tests have been applied on the sportsmen to get their measurements of Pre and Final Tests. Results: while a significance of p<0.01 was found in the pre and final test parameters of the experiment group male judokas in the province of Edirne, no level of significance was detected in the pre and final tests of the control group male judokas in the province of Tekirdağ. No significance was detected in pre and final tests of the experiment group male judokas in Edirne and the parameters of pre and final tests of the control group male judokas in Tekirdağ. Conclusion; We can say that the claw strength of the sportsmen who participated in judo instructional games improved, having shown a significance of p<0,01 in comparison to those who did not. Therefore, it can be said that the judo instructional games which are played in the context of basic judo training programs in order to improve claw strength

A mathematical applicability test is carried out in this paper. The Pollution Certificate Theory is evaluated for an industrial cluster in Brazil. The purpose here is to discuss the contributions made by environmental agencies in controlling water pollutant emissions. This is considered by means of an instrument associated with economic regulatory instruments (as used in Brazil). A scenario is designed for an Industry Cluster with five industries and a potential to cause water pollution by the release of organic waste. In the test it is considered that the effluent is released in a Class II river, according to Brazilian CONAMA Resolution (no. 357). The marginal costs of abatement are arbitrated, whilst the reductions necessary to achieve the environmental targets were calculated. The control costs comparison and the use of standard emissions with the utilization of Pollution Certificates led to the conclusion that the Pollution Certificate Theory is a beneficial tool for water management issues, as it meets the environmental requirements at a lower abatement cost in industrial activities.

This paper discusses the relationship between the traditional chief in Niger together with the process of decentralization. The democratic process initiated in the early 90s in most of the African countries helped to establish a multi – party system as well as kept good government structures. The initiative could solve the excessive centralization of government powers in African countries. In order to understand the decentralization process in Niger, we should not only refer to the democratic context but also we should understand certain historical facts. Besides the context of democracy, it should be noted that the claims of the armed rebellion (1989) based on federalism have led to peace agreements, in the October 9, 1994 and April 24, 1995 between the organization of armed resistance(ORA) and the Government of Niger, to adopt decentralization as a form of governance. The option is a full communalisation by changing the townships (sedentary and area nomadic) in commune status. The communes are headed by an elected mayor. The logic is to make these structures as real poles of local development. But in the same way and during a long time at the head of same township there is a leader who administered his people according to traditional mode. This two kind of powerful can create a social conflict if some rules are not defined. I am interested to region of Tahoua, particularly the two urban communes.

In this paper, given a single mobile element and a time deadline, we investigate the problem of designing the mobile element tour to visit subset of nodes, such that the length of this tour is bounded by the time deadline and the communication cost between nodes outside and inside the tour is minimized. The nodes that the mobile element tour visits, works as cache points that store the data of the other nodes. Several algorithms in the literature have tackled this problem by separating two phases; the construction of the mobile element tour from the computation of the forwarding trees to the cache points. In this paper, we propose algorithmic solutions that alternate between these phases and iteratively improves the outcome of each phase based on the result of the other. We compare the resulting performance of our solutions with that of previous work.

Cloud computing, large number of computers that are connected through a real-time communication network. The users are flexible while storing their information in cloud network. At any time period they are capable of accessing their information from network. By this application the way of storage of users reduces the maintenance complexity. It works on providing the access to the users in the cloud network audit ability for cloud data storage security is key importance so that users can stay to there will be third party auditor to keep data efficiently. With the secure introduce an effective third party auditor (TPA); there are the two fundamental requirements. 1) TPA should be able to efficiently audit the cloud data storage without demanding the local copy of data, and introduce no additional on-line burden to the cloud user; 2) The third party auditing process should bring in no new vulnerabilities towards user data privacy.

For economic and other social and psychological reasons, most developing countries like Nigeria, are currently witnessing a massive influx of women into workforce. One sure way of empowering women and reducing inequality between men and women in today’s fast changing world, especially in a developing society like Nigeria, is by getting more women actively engaged in economic activities, to improve their financial status. Although most of the women are found in the informal and private sectors, where their contributions to society may not be adequately felt, a recognizable proportion are still found in the formal sector, where they function as actors in development and in turn receive regular salaries. In view of their increasing involvement in paid employment, this study investigates the extent of influence such familial factors as marital status, parenthood and housework have on the attitudinal disposition of female Public Servants towards paid employment in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. Results reveal that for both married and single women in the study, housework and child care are both very stressful and combining both tasks with paid employment is even more demanding.

Introduction: Occupational exposure to blood and body fluid is a serious concern for health care workers. The problem is more devastating in developing countries like Ethiopia with poor infrastructure and health setup. This study tried to assess the magnitudes of occupational exposure and its associated factors among HCWs and medical students to BBFs in University of Gondar Hospital. Methods:A cross sectional survey was conducted from September 6 to October 2, 2012, in University of Gondar hospital. Two hundred eighty five participants (including health professionals, janitors and medical students) were participated in the study. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data was collected through Self-administered questionnaire and interview using structured questionnaire.Result: The overall lifetime and one year prevalence’s of occupational exposure to BBF during the study period were 177(70.2%) and158 (62.9%), respectively. The exposure rate of BBFs in the last-one year was highest among interns 29(90.6%), followed by health professionals 100(63.3%) and least among housekeeping staffs 28(45.2%).

Child and adolescent involvement in sport activities is widely believed to reduce risky behaviors. Sport participation is time consuming and reduces the amount of unsupervised free time duringwhich risky behavior is more likely to occur. Additionally, sports teams have positive role models and influences encouraging youth to stay out of trouble. Although popular belief is that sport participation deters delinquent behavior, research findings have been inconsistent. Two competing theories supporting the inconsistent findings arethe Social Bonds Theory (Hirschi, 1969) and the AthleteDelinquentHypothesis (Begg, Langley, Moffit, & Marshall, 1996). The purpose of the current study is to explore delinquency and adolescence utilizing a revised scale on the impact of gender, athletic involvement, and non-athletic involvement, as well as child and teenage correlates with current college student delinquency. The implications and limitations are discussed.

This paper studies the nuclear proliferation in a non-proliferation regime using Iranian nuclear stand-off as case illustration. It seeks to find out the core reasons why nuclear proliferation has been possible under international prohibition. It seeks also to find out the reason why Iran has successfully defied international sanctions and isolation against its nuclear programme. With the aid of documentary method of data gathering and rational actors model as framework od=f analysis, this paper observed that struggle for hegemony among the super powers, pursuit of international trade in nuclear materials and technology, skewed provisions in the principles of NPT, nuclear states refusal to disarmament are the major factors responsible for nuclear proliferation under NPT regime. The paper also observed the same factors together with Iran’s strategic location and natural resources endowments are responsible for Iran’s successful defiance of international sanctions against its nuclear programme. It is therefore recommended that all nuclear states should unconditionally dismantle their nuclear weapons and facilities under unrestricted supervision of the five permanent members of UNSC. The principles of NPT should be reviewed and fundamentally restructured.

This paper describes a case study in which multiple analytical techniques were used to identify and characterize the composition of spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline obtained from the tyre pyrolysis process. The objective of the study was to describe the spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline and determine its suitable commercial application. The analytical techniques used for analyses of spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline included gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography with sulfur-chemiluminescence detector and capillary gas chromatography with flame-ionization detector. Examination of the chemical composition of the spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline showed that nearly 90 % of the sample composition is established. Generally, aromatic hydrocarbons and naphthenes are the dominating compounds detected in the spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline obtained from tyres pyrolysis. The content of individual sulfur compounds is also measured. Compared to similar researches only the alkylthiols are identified. The spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline comprise mainly of compounds that are similar to pyrolysis gasoline from naphtha stream cracking, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline and straight run naphtha. The spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline has high sulfur content what is a reason to make it directly used inapplicable. The straight run naphtha and pyrolysis gasoline from naphtha stream cracking have lowest content of sulfur and the spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline could be blended with the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline for hydrotreatment. Also the spent tyre pyrolysis gasoline could be blended with the straight run naphtha to catalytic reforming unit for further processing.