The growth of filamentous fungal mass in malt extract culture was recorded over 10 days at 32 oC, with the aim of utilizing the mycelium for the biocatalytic reduction of cyclohexanones 1-3. Growth curves were obtained for marine fungi (Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 933, Penicillium miczynskii CBMAI 930 and Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 932) and terrestrial fungi (Rhizopus sp. Cs1 and Aspergillus sp. Pd1), plotted as using mycelial dry weight. The mycelia of Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. catalyzed the biocatalytic reduction of cyclohexanones 1-3 efficiently, when these substrates were added in the exponential phase of growth at (72 h). The bioreduction of 4-methylcyclohexanone (3) by Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. yielded preferentially the cis-4-methylcyclohexanol (6), a thermodynamically and kinetically less stable compound. Whole cells of Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. showed good enzymatic activities in the bioreduction of ketone 1, yielding trans-diol 4.

The objectives of this article are to: (1) define the audit interference rule (hereinafter “A.I.R.”) and describe its purpose; (2) summarize the historical case law pertinent to the A.I.R.; (3) delineate the U.S. states that recognize the A.I.R. from those that do not; (4) explain how the A.I.R. is impacted by the existence of a state’s comparative negligence statute; and (5) tell how recent developments in case law are affecting the A.I.R. The purpose of the A.I.R. is to limit the scope of an auditor’s contributory negligence defense in a negligence lawsuit filed by a client. The A.I.R. provides that the client’s negligence is a defense only when it has contributed to the accountant’s failure to perform his contract and to report the truth. New York was the first state to recognize the A.I.R.; other states adopting the rule include Illinois, Kansas, Mississippi, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas and Utah. These states have either never recognized the A.I.R, or have abolished it.: Arkansas, Florida, Michigan, Minnesota and Ohio. Recent case law has highlighted several developments in the A.I.R., including: (a) an auditor accused of professional negligence may be required to specifically state how the client’s alleged negligence interfered with the auditor’s ability to conduct the audit; (b) the A.I.R. may also be applicable whenever a third-party beneficiary of an audit, such as a bank, sues an auditor for professional negligence; (c) the A.I.R., which limits the scope of an auditor’s contributory negligence defense, has nothing to do with the separate in pari delicto defense which, if applicable, operates as an absolute bar to a claim based on equally wrongful acts of both parties; and (d) the court’s granting of a jury instruction on a client’s alleged contributory negligence should be the exception, not the rule.

The community structure and assemblage of fish caught in the water around cooling water system outlet of a methanol industry in Bontang City was investigated.Sampling of fish was done inspring tide at high water level (HWL) and low water level (LWL) and neap tide in January to February 2013.Fishing gears used for sampling were bottom minitrawler and angler.Surface water temperature and salinity were measured using water checker Horiba U-50 series. Tide and water depth including water current were also surveyed using tidal scale pole, echosounder GPSmap 2108 Garmin and Braystoke BFM001 current meter respectively. The assemblage of fish caught inwater around the outlet composed of 57 different species with 5670 individuals.The most common fish species observed around the outlet and in water intake was from the member of family Leiognathidae and Lutjanidae.Certain species of Nemipteridae seemed to withstand temperature pressure. Fish assemblage was greatly influenced by tidal cycle.The water condition around outlet was included as relatively good indicated by the number and species of fish caught.

Cancer patients experience several stressors and emotional upheavals. Social supports are considered important psychological resources during stressful circums-tances such as a diagnosis of cancer. The aim of this research was to determine social support and depression status among the cancer patients. 90 patients who received treatment at an oncology center of a university hospital were included in the study. The data were gathered using personal information form, Beck’s Depression Inventory and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. It was found out that there was a significant correlation between patients’ age and total social support, family support and significant other support; and between age and depression. It was seen that single patients had lower family support, lower significant others support and lower total social support; that patients who thought to recover from the disease had lower depression; and that those who got support from only health care personnel had lower family support but higher depression. There is a close correlation between the age and social support and depression of the patients. The effective use of social supports should be encouraged in preventing and treating depression, since it is an important coping method in the care of cancer patients.

Cloud Computing is the arising technology that delivers software, platform and infrastructure as a service over a network. Cloud minimizes the burden of users by allowing them to remotely store their data and eliminates the need of local storage and maintenance. Even though benefits are higher but while storing data in cloud, correctness of data and security are major concerns as there are many chances for CSP to behave unfaithfully towards users regarding the status of their outsourced data. In order to overcome the threat of integrity, user can entrust third party auditor to assess the risk of outsourced data when needed .For this, in our proposed scheme we are using SHA-2 which is cryptographic hash function to verify integrity of data along with XOR mechanism, Station-to-Station key protocol for key generation and mutual authentication with TPA.

The combustion chamber of an automobile gasturbine engine can be designed to produce a gas temperature distribution at the inlet of the turbine increasing from blade root to blade tip. It is shown in the paper, by means of comparative calculations, that by using such distributions of temperatures blade life can be substantially increased, or else, un expensive materials can be used. Such gas temperature distributions produce non-isentropic flow conditions. It is developed in the paper a method for the aerodynamic design of blades within a non-isentropic flow and it is also shown that if the blades are designed by taking an average gas temperature, as it is usually made, important errors are introduced in the resulting shape of the blade, which reduces the efficiency of the turbine.

The increasing rate of the demand for computational resources has led to the production of largescale data centers. They consume huge amounts of electrical power resulting in high operational costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Power-related costs have become one of the major economic factors in IT data-centers, and companies and the research community are currently working on new efficient power aware resource management strategies, also known as “Green IT”. Here we propose a framework for autonomic scheduling of tasks based upon some parametric constraints. In this paper we propose an analysis of the critical factors affecting the energy consumption of cloud servers in cloud computing and consideration to make performance very fast by using Sigar API to solve speed problems. In PCBPAS we impose some parametric constraints during task allocation to the server that can be adjusted dynamically to balance the server’s workloads in an efficient way so that CPU consumption can be improved and energy saving be achieved.

Automated ECG diagnosis (AED) & classification is essential to the timely diagnosis of potentially lethal heart conditions in clinical settings. In noisy environment, ECG feature extraction problem with considerable accuracy still remains open for research. Although, Wavelet Transform (WT) has been proved to be more prominent approach than any other conventional detection algorithms, but much abstruse to implement in commercial software. To reduce this implementation complexity, in this work, a combination of DWT and FFT-IFFT pair is proposed with Adaptive thresholding technique. MATLAB analysis supports this preprocessing and automatic detection idea in terms of accuracy. A software implementation of this AED system is presented here in .net framework which can be interfaced with any commercial ECG machine by changing some parameters.

The author develops a new theory of tornado stability. He show that it is the high electric voltage between clouds and ground surface which produces the intensive electron/ion flow which creates the air stream which sucks off (pumping) air from the inside tornado channel and makes the tornado stable. If we want to destroy tornado stability we must decrease the electric intensity into the tornado channel. The simplest method is using conductive wire to connect the top funnel of tornado with ground. For this method, the top end of wire must have a large conductive area (air balloon or wing dirigible with conductive layer), the lower end of wire must have good contact with wet ground. The row from these conductive wires having step 150 – 200 m and altitude 200 – 300 m can protect villages, towns and important installations such as the nuclear electric station and military bases from tornados.

Being acquainted with the fact that in the field of quails breeding the literature is still deficient and that these birds have a very intense metabolism, which makes them more sensitive to stress in comparison with other species, a research has been conducted on a total number of 3368 of mixed and meat quails divided in 6 differentiated lots based on age and productive specialization. They have been exposed for 5 hours to multiple stresses (without light, ventilation, water, food). It can be affirmed that the stress effect over the quails that are in the first part of the laying curve (until the three laying month) is affecting less the laying process, but influences more their death rate. The situation is reversed for the quails that are in the second part of the laying curve (after the sixth month of laying), the effect of multiple stress applied to those birds being more influential on the laying process and less in the death rate. The consumption of compound feed and the feed conversion have varied very little while the birds were under stress, with the exception of the most elder lot, that was in the XIIth month of laying, for which the feed conversion rose by 14% in the week that followed the stress conditions, getting up with 22,5% bigger in the fourth week after the applied stress, while the laying has been reduced proportionally with less than half of these values.