Aluminum hydroxide as a coating layer of (4mm) thickness was used to increase the fire retardancy for advanced composite material consist of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced by carbon fibers .The resultant composite was exposed to a direct gas torch flame with flame exposure intervals 10,15,20mm, and study the range of resistance of retardant material layer to the flames and protected the substrate . The Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determined the heat transferred to composite material.

An experiment was carried out in five different sampling sites viz. Kalia, Miripathar, Bordubi, Holokhbari and Surkey area of Saikhowa range of Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve (DSBR) Forest of Assam, India in respect of seasonal and depth wise variations in bacterial and fungal populations. The Biosphere Reserve Forest is situated in flood plain area of the mighty Brahmaputra and the Dibang rivers. Bacterial and fungal population was highest during spring season in all sites respectively. The highest microbial counts were recorded in the top soil (0-10 cm) layer except during the summer season when the population was greater in the subsurface (10-20 cm) layer. Altogether, 26 soil micro-fungal forms were recorded from five sites. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the abundant genera in all sites. Over all, soil was sandy loam and slightly alkaline in all sites. Soil organic C, total N and available P decreased with increasing soil depth. Parameters viz. water holding capacity, soil moisture content, pH, organic C, total N and available P had correlated with the microbial colony forming units (cfu). Available P revealed a significant positive correlations with bacterial and fungal cfu as well as inverse correlations with water holding capacity, organic C and organic matter.

Hawking and Penrose proposed “A new theorem on spacetime singularities … which largely incorporates and generalizes the previously know results” which they claimed “implies that space-time singularities are to be expected if either the universe is spatially closed or there is an ‘object’ undergoing relativistic gravitational collapse (existence of a trapped surface)” and that their ‘Theorem’ applies if four certain physical conditions are satisfied. Hartle, Hawking and Hertog have proposed a quantum state with wave function for the Universe which they assert “raises the possibility that even fundamental theories with a negative cosmological constant can be consistent with our low-energy observations of a classical, accelerating universe.” They also relate this concept to string cosmology. It is however proven in this paper that the Hawking-Penrose Singularity ‘Theorem’ and accelerated expansion of the Universe with negative Λ are invalid because they are based upon demonstrably false foundations relating to Einstein’s field equations, trapped surfaces, and the cosmological constant

The purpose of the data mining technique is to mine information from a bulky data set and make over it into a reasonable form for supplementary purpose. Clustering is a significant task in data analysis and data mining applications. It is the task of arrangement a set of objects so that objects in the identical group are more related to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). Data mining can do by passing through various phases. Mining can be done by using supervised and unsupervised learning. The clustering is unsupervised learning. A good clustering method will produce high superiority clusters with high intra-class similarity and low inter-class similarity. Clustering algorithms can be categorized into partition-based algorithms, hierarchical-based algorithms, density-based algorithms and grid-based algorithms. Partitioning clustering algorithm splits the data points into k partition, where each partition represents a cluster. Hierarchical clustering is a technique of clustering which divide the similar dataset by constructing a hierarchy of clusters. Density based algorithms find the cluster according to the regions which grow with high density. It is the one-scan algorithms. Grid Density based algorithm uses the multiresolution grid data structure and use dense grids to form clusters. Its main distinctiveness is the fastest processing time. In this survey paper, an analysis of clustering and its different techniques in data mining is done.

The routing protocols are classified as reactive and proactive routing protocol. The reactive protocols are the protocols which establish route from source to destination when required on the other hand proactive routing protocols are protocols in which nodes store routing tables and on the basis of these routing tables route is established between source and destination. The simulation results show that reactive routing protocols are efficient than proactive routing protocols. DSR is the reactive type of routing protocols. DSR protocol establish route from source to destination on the basis of hop counts and sequence number. There is possibility that the route which is established between source and destination will be in congestion. In this paper, we are proposing new technique for congestion control in DSR protocol. The new technique is implemented in NS2 and results show that proposed technique is better than the previous techniques.

The goal of this paper is to analyze the long term dynamics of the competitiveness in the individual Eurozone countries and to estimate how their competitiveness is affected by the dynamics of both external (i.e. the current account) and internal (the fiscal stance and the credit dynamics) positions. It is today in creasingly recognized that the diverging competitiveness between the Eurozone members is at the root of the current crisis. But the competitiveness dynamics and how it is impacted by the crucial fiscal and financial variables during the common currency existence is seldom analyzed and compared, especially as far as the different countries are concerned. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap.

The crux of the character identification problem is to exploit the relations between videos and the associated texts in order to label the faces of characters with names. It has similarities to identifying faces in news videos. However, in news videos, candidate names for the faces are available from the simultaneously appearing captions or local transcripts. While in TV and movies, the names of characters are seldom directly shown in the subtitle or closed caption, and script/screenplay containing character names has no time stamps to align to the video. According to the utilized textual cues, we roughly divide the existing movie character identification methods into three categories In this Robust Face-Name Graph Matching for Movie Character Identification is used to detect the face of movie characters and the Proposed system is taking the minimum time to detect the face. In this one we can do it in a minute process.

This study reports the adsorption of Methylene Blue dye, a cationic dye used in dyeing cotton, wood and silk, on the crude and purified clay from Morocco. The adsorption experiments demonstrated that adsorption equilibrium is established after 20 minutes. Various experimental parameters were analyzed: adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration, adsorbent particle size. The experimental results showed that adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Moroccan Clay are related to the mass of the adsorbent and the initial dye concentration. The adsorption capacity was determined using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption kinetics of Methylene Blue was studied using the equations of the Firstorder and Second order reactions. The kinetics of adsorption of Methylene Blue dye onto Moroccan Clay can be described by a Second-order model. Results showed that the Moroccan clay can be considered as a good adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue and treatment of industrial wastewater.

- Non-linear filters are large family of filters used in signal and image processing. They have found numerous applications such as in digital image restoration, speech processing and coding, digital TV applications, etc. In this paper, three-point median filter is designed using singleelectron transistor. In single-electron transistor bits of information are represented by the presence or absence of electrons at conducting islands. Single Electron Transistor (SET), distinguished by a very small device size low power dissipation, high speed and high performance, is one of the most promising nano electronics devices to replace conventional CMOS. The SET technology offers the ability to control the motion of individual electrons in the designed circuits . The Non-linear filter is simulated using a Monte Carlo technique by PSPICE9.1 and their correct and stable logical operation is confirmed.

Solar distillation is a simple treatment of brackish (i.e. contain dissolved salts) water supplies. Distillation is the processes that can be used for water purification and can use any heating source.Solar distillation is used to yield drinking water or to yield pure water for lead acid batteries, hospitals, laboratories and in generating commercial products such as rose water.In this study, a basin type solar still (BSS) is designed, constructed and field experiments have been carried out to check the productivity of the still. The field experiments of the BSS are carried from June 07, 2011 to June 09, 2012. The maximum daily distilled water production is obtained as 3.76 lit/m2-day in July 31, 2011. Also maximum hourly distilled water production is observed as 0.46 lit/m2-hr. The average daily and hourly production rates are found as 1.80 lit/m2-day and 0.20 lit/m2-hr, respectively. The production cost of distilled water is calculated as 0.33 Tk/lit.