Rapid growth of software industry leads to need of new technologies. Software effort estimation is one of the areas that need more concentration. Exact estimation is always a challenging task. Effort Estimation techniques are broadly classified into algorithmic and non-algorithmic techniques. An algorithmic model provides a mathematical equation for estimation which is based upon the analysis of data gathered from previously developed projects and Non-algorithmic techniques are based on new approaches, such as Soft Computing Techniques. Effective handling of cost is a basic need for any Software Organization. The main tasks for Software development estimation are determining the effort, cost and schedule of developing the project under consideration. Underestimation of project done knowingly just to win contract results into loses and also the poor quality project. So, accurate cost estimation leads to effective control of time and budget during software development. This paper presents the performance analysis of different training algorithms of neural network in effort estimation. For sake of ease, we have developed a tool in MATLAB and at last proved that Bayesian Regularization [20] gives more accurate results than other training algorithms.

Schedulers are applications responsible for job management including resource allocation for a specific job, splitting them to ensure parallel task execution, data management, event correlation, and service-level management capabilities. When Grids allotted a number of jobs, such applications have to consider the overhead time, cost regarding to and from Grid resources, job transmission and at job processing, Grid resources for allocation of the jobs. In this paper, it is proposed to investigate the performance of dynamic scheduling algorithm of schedulers for executing different number of tasks is evaluated.

In Nigeria despite parents zeal and enthusiasm to send their children and wards to school, bullying among secondary schools tend to constitute one of the major persistent unresolved problems of these parents. Bullying in schools, especially in the most preferred secondary schools e.g. Federal Government Colleges and reputable Mission schools, need to be researched into Bullying has effect both on the bully and the bullied. This research therefore investigated the prevalence of bullying among the “most preferred” secondary schools in South - East of Nigeria, focusing on boys only mission schools; girls only Federal schools and mixed (Boys and Girls) Federal school. The purposive sampling method was used to select six secondary schools in the South - East of Nigeria. A sample of three hundred and seven (307) students were randomly selected from the six schools. The research instrument used was the structured questionnaire with reliability co-efficient of 0.72.

The study examined the relationship between the use of video technology and teacher trainees’ self-appraisal for progressive professional perfectibility.Two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study.The quasi-experiment involved 100 third year students of the Faculty of Education, Cross River University of Technology engaged in microteaching.Data was obtained through a well validated ten-item Teacher Trainee Affective Response Questionnaire (TTARQ) developed on a four point Likert-scale by the researchers.The analysis of data was done using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and independent t-test analysis for the first and second hypotheses respectively at 0.05 level of significance and 98 degree of freedom.The result of the study shows that there is a significant relationship between the use of video technology and teacher trainees’ self-appraisal and evaluation, gender notwithstanding.The study therefore canvassed for the patronage of multi-media technology application in microteaching to enable teacher-trainees objectively assess their performance and also by their instructors and colleagues.

This study aims to ascertain the relationship between and among curriculum outcomes, personality traits, gender role stereotype, and common business practices and entrepreneurial abilities of theological seminary graduates. The study used export-facto research design and examined the effects of curriculum outcome, personality traits, gender role stereotypes, common business practices on entrepreneurial abilities on theological seminary graduates using five questionnaires. Results indicated that the independent variables when taken together correlated negatively with the dependent variable. The correlation was weak. It also showed that majority of the independent variables did not predict or contribute to the dependent variable. Only cognitive curriculum outcomes did the study was limited to theological seminary graduates, and their learning outcomes, personality trait, gender role stereotype, common business practices, and entrepreneurial abilities. This is an example of an identification of entrepreneurial abilities among theological seminary graduates and their ability to close the divide between spiritual and secular ethical principles and practices. This because principles and practices which divide entrepreneurial training have not been introduced into the curriculum of theological seminaries. Equally, job diversity initiatives are not generally part of theological seminary pedagogy.

This study examined the attitude of teachers towards the use of self-made video compact disc and its effect on JS II students’ academic performance in social studies in Calabar Municipality. Teachers’ Utilization of Video Compact Disc Questionnaire (TUVCDQ) and Social Studies Performance Test (SSPT) were administered to 12 teachers and 600 JSS II students respectively from 12 schools purposively sampled for the study. Data obtained were analyzed using independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Result of the study showed that teachers’ attitude towards the use of self made video compact disc significantly influenced students performance in social studies. Students whose teachers exhibited positive attitude towards the use of locally fabricated instructional materials out-performed their counterparts whose teachers had negative attitude. It was therefore recommended, among other things, that teachers should develop more positive attitude towards the use of self-made instructional materials (video compact disc) to enrich the teaching and learning of social studies in secondary schools in view of its usefulness to societal growth and stability.

The study investigated the self employment capabilities of tertiary institution graduates who are government employed, expatriate employed, self employed and unemployed. One thousand two-hundred and twenty (1220) purposively selected tertiary institution graduates were used in the study. Of this number, 196 were self employed, 625 government employed, 177 expatriate employed and 231 unemployed. The Self Employment Characteristic Rating Questionnaire (SECRQ) developed by the National Directorate of Employment in 1985 was used to measure the self employment capabilities of sample. t-test statistics was used to analyse data collected for the study. The result indicated significant differences existed in self employing or private sector employing capabilities of government employed, expatriate employed, and unemployed tertiary institution graduates. The study concluded by recommending private sector than government sector domination of self employing opportunities.

The electrical energy is an integral utility not only in the in modern society, but also has become a basic need in the Indian rural culture too. In spite of the claim by central and state government that 80% of the rural population is facilitated by the electricity in India, still large portions is either facing a severe shortage or are not connected to grid system so far. The conventional energy sources are over stressed and the use of renewable energy sources is becoming technically and economically feasible due to advancement in technology. These renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and bio mass are creating an opportunity to develop an energy system, exclusively for a village to achieve the energy security. This paper presents a feasibility study of a village for energy security through the wind energy. A wind energy generation system is proposed which will address the minimum energy needs including for household and streetlighting in a village. The life cycle cost analysis of a proposed wind energy generation system for a village is done. The unit cost of electricity is obtained for four phases in analysis period of 20 years, and it is found that the same tunes with the existing ones. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out for different rate of interest and different plant load factors

The concepts of coherence and cohesion have both been widely studied in linguistics and scholars are in no disagreement that they are both principal ingredients in creating a text. By text we mean a piece of utterance, whether spoken or written, whose parts have been put together to form a unified semantic and syntactic whole. The former refers to a semantic property of discourses based on the interpretation of each individual sentence relative to the interpretation of other sentences, while the latter refers essentially to the relations of meanings generated by the coming together of clauses and sentences within a discourse. But our focus in this paper is on cohesion, which encompasses the relations obtaining among the components of a discourse. The discourse here is a piece of written literary text. In the present study we explore the use of both lexical and grammatical cohesive ties in the award-winning iconoclastic, epistolary masterpiece of Mariama Ba’s So Long a Letter. At the end of the study, it is shown clearly that the novel, though the first by the author, was largely successful due to the smoothness, simplicity and accessibility of the language occasioned by the brilliant and appropriate deployment of the cohesive ties, most especially referential ties and the repetitive nature of language.

The paper is an exploration of time referencing terms in Ndebele. The main thrust is on the nature of time referencing terms. Time on mastics in Ndebele is based upon the speakers’ cognition. The speakers’ experience and interaction with the world are of significant influence in the creation of meaning in Language particularly in the meaning of time naming terms. Time on mastics in Ndebele and in most African societies depend on speakers’ Indigenous knowledge systems. Indigenous knowledge systems of a people are embedded in their language. It is impossible to detach them from the speakers’ language. Their language will always reflect their experiences, thoughts, beliefs, culture and life in general. This paper establishes the idea that language is a product of the speakers’ observation and perception of the world.