Data mining and knowledge discovery is an active research work and getting popular by the day because it can be applied in different type of data like web click streams, sensor networks, stock exchange data and time-series data and so on. Data streams are not devoid of research problems. This is attributed to non-stop data arrival in numerous, swift, varying with time, erratic and unrestricted data field. It is highly important to find the regular prototype in single pass data stream or minor number of passes when making use of limited space of memory. In this survey the review on the final progress in the study of regular model mining in data streams. Mining algorithms are talked about at length and further research directions have been suggested.

Day by day data is increasing due to effectively computerization, implementation, and digitization in various sectors i.e. science, research, industry, business and many other areas. Data mining is the process of extracting valuable and useful information from this very large database. Association rule is a concept in which buyer usually by a specific combination of different products together while association rule mining is an important technique to show relationship between various items stored in the database. In this paper we take one master tree called root and various branches process the database rather than a multiple FP-tree.

Routing means to select path in a network and forward a packet through the network to another device on different network. Routing protocols play a vital role in computer network infrastructures. In this research comparison of various routing protocols is made. It been seen that OSPF and EIGRP are the protocols mostly used nowadays. On comparison, EIGRP is considered as the best routing protocol because it maintains the backup routes and also due to its simple configuration and also it supports the unequal cost load balancing which is not supported by other routing protocols.

Skin-color modeling is a crucial task for several applications of computer vision. Problems such as face detection in video are more likely to be solved if an efficient skin-color model is constructed. Most potential applications of skin-color model require robustness to significant variations in races, differing lighting conditions, textures and other factors. Given the fact that a skin surface reflects the light in a different way as compared to other surfaces. As the color of human skin is created by the combination of blood (red) and melanin (brown, yellow) which gives it a restricted range of hues. A skin region can be classified by comparing large image content of skin database and non-skin database. The RGB color space is widely used and most effective to detect skin region from an image. The segmentation is used to localize and identify homogeneous regions in a picture by perceptual attributes which include the size, the shape and the texture and/or color information. The probability of each RGB color space of skin and non-skin database is important to detect skin pixels. For each pixel of testing image, the RGB value is calculated then the probability ratio of that RGB color space for training Skin and non-skin data base is compare with a threshold variable called . The threshold value lies between 0 and 1 but for this analyzing purpose threshold value has been taken as 0.4. If the ratio will be greater than 0.4 then that pixel will be detected as skin pixel elsedetected as non-skin pixel. After segmenting out skin from images, this can be useful for identifying faces, hand sign recognition, offensive content such pornography. The performance curve (ROC curve) reflects the overall accuracy of our analysis.

The application of remote sensing technology may cover many fields of studies, especially in structure geology, and mineral exploration, where the remote sensing is a useful for lineaments and structure features extractions. Landsat ETM-7 satellite data were used and band -5 was found as the most suitable band in automatic delineation. The automatic lineament extraction process was carried out with LINE module of PCI Geomatica V9.1 based on automatic detection algorithms (canny algorithms). The comparison of the autom-atic lineament extraction and the published fault maps of the area in terms of total length, number of lineaments and directions. The number and the total length of the lineaments using automatic method were found to be more than the number and the total length of the faults in the fault map. The directional analysis of the automatic lineament map was done with the reference of fault map of the area and the structure features measured in the field.

Scope of growth in employment and earning from agriculture through the expansion of area under cultivation in India as well as in West Bengal has been significantly reduced after nineteen seventies. The effects of Green Revolution technology on the yields of various crops have also decreased significantly as the growth of yield of various crops has reached a saturation level and simultaneously raised several environmental impacts after nineteen eighties. Thus, in any rural area including that of West Bengal the major option remains for the growth of agriculture is diversifying the land use for the cultivation of crops which are more remunerative and environment friendly. Crop diversification thus became an important issue of research in agricultural economics not only within India and but also in other parts of the world. Choice of highly remunerative crops on the other hand depends on the availability of various agricultural technologies supported by appropriate infrastructure required for the timely cultivation, harvest, protection as well as marketing of those crops.

Polished tapered stems used in hip replacement subside into bone cement without loosening. However, subsidence of rough stems leads to loosening of the prosthesis. There have been no reports on continuous movement of cement and stem. We believed that the relation of stem subsidence to cement differed by stem surface finish. To determine whether this was the case, we compared the pattern of movement of stem and cement in both polished and rough stems in a biomechanical model. Methods Two sizes of polished stems and of roughprocessed stems (rough stems) were fixed into composite femurs with different cement thickness, and a 1-Hz dynamic load was applied for a total of 2 million cycles. An 8-hour no load period was set after every 16 hours of load. Continuous stem motion was measured by a digital displacement gauge, and continuous cement motion was recorded by a strain gauge on an aluminum plate inserted in the cement. All stems subsided downward during the load periods but rose during the no load periods in a 1-day cycle, and a great deal of subsidence were seen by 200,000 cycles– after loading. For polished stems, more than 85% of the total subsidence occurred by 1 million loading cycles, and subsidence rates converged after that. Stem subsidence was not accompanied with cement subsidence. For rough stems, however, subsidence progressed linearly and was accompanied by cement subsidence.The convergence of stem subsidence and lack of synchronization with cement subsidence in polished stems indicated taper slip into cement without loosening. Early subsidence in rough stems leads to progressive subsidence.

The current study was designed to investigate the changes of oxidative stress (OS) in primary infertility of females. To achieve the intended aim, 84 infertile women of ages 28.66 ± 6.29 years (mean ± SD) and 30 healthy fertile women of ages 30.3± 6.45 years (mean±SD) were enrolled. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Serum follicule stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured by an enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). The results indicated a significant (p<0.001) increase of MDA concentration and significant (p<0.001) decreases of CAT and GST activities in the infertile women when compared with those of the control group. The linear regression analysis demonstrated significant (r = 0.27,p<0.05) positive correlation for MDA levels and significant negative correlations for CAT (r = - 0.24, p<0.05) and GST levels (r = - 0.26,p<0.05) with the age of infertile women. Changes of oxidative stress was observed to be dependent on the body mass index (BMI) and the duration of infertility of the enrolled women. The changes of MDA, CAT and GST levels seem to be independent on etiology of infertility and the menstruation pattern. The2linear regression analysis revealed significant (r = 0.28, p<0.05) positive correlation for MDA levels with the FSH concentration and significant(r = - 0.29, p<0.05) negative correlation with the LH concentration.CAT exhibited significant (r = 0.30, p<0.05) positive correlation with the FSH concentration, while GST activity demonstrated significant(r = 0.24, p<0.05) positive correlation with the LH concentration. These results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the path ophysiology of primary infertility in females, in particular through the directing of gonadotrophin changes in these patients.

This paper describes method for modelling of helical-n-revolutional cyclical surfaces. The axis of the cyclical surface 1 is the helix s1 created by revolving the point about n each other revolving axes (n = 1,2,3), that move together with Frenet-Serret moving trihedron along the cylindrical helix s. Particular evolutions are determined by its angular velocity and orientation. The moving circle along the helix s or s1, where its center lies on the helix and circle lies in the normal plane of the helix creates the cyclical surface.

Optical fiber communication is the best for transmitting data at a high rate, we are trying to push the data rate even higher. While the fiber channel may be capable of transmitting terabit-per-second data rates, no existing single communication system can make complete use of this speed. Adding more and more fibers to the system as a method of increasing speed is uneconomical as we know the global network is made of a large submarine cable networks that is expensive to modify. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are the by far most important fiber amplifier in the context of longrange optical fiber communications they can efficiently amplify light in the 1.5-μm wavelength region. The invention of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) with large bandwidth is largely responsible for popularizing this technique. In terms of multi-wavelength signals, so long as the EDFA has enough pump energy available to it, it can amplify as many optical signals as can be multiplexed into its amplification band.