Financial Institutions’ (FI) and banks’ earnings on the trading portfolio are significantly influenced by the changing market conditions such as price of an asset, interest rates, market volatility, and market liquidity. Researchers to measure the risk related uncertainty of the FI’s earnings use few Market Risk Measurement Models (MRM). Historic Back Simulation Model is one of the approaches that consider the return on all assets, as non-normal, as against the RiskMetric Model that considers the returns on assets is symmetric. This paper investigates the risk and return associated with Islamic interbank offered rates (IIBOR) in Malaysia using Back Simulation model and the results are compared with the conventional interbank offered rates (CIBOR). On application of the Back Simulation approach over the two different data sets (Yield Rates of IIBOR and CIBOR), it was found that during the de-peg period, the value losses and gains for Islamic trading portfolios were found to be significantly higher at the tail end horizon de-peg period. We also conducted independent sample “t” test to compare the mean losses and mean gains reported during these three time periods. We found that the CIBOR was active during crisis and peg periods IIBOR was active after de-pegging with higher losses and gains. These higher losses and gains of IIBOR are due to the active participation of money market players and experience gained in the last decade in Islamic finance. The IIBOR now provides the much-needed liquidity for Islamic finance products and this will further push up the growth of Islamic finance.

The development of new materials show the immense growth but the major problem, it is very difficult tomachine the newly developed materials. So it is necessary to adopt some new machining methods. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-traditional and most popular machining method to manufacture dies, punches and press tools because of its capability to produce complicated, intricate shapes and to machine hard materials. From the industrial point of view stainless steel 316 is a very commonly used material due to its property of resistant to corrosion. During experimentation, electrode material, current and pulseon time were taken as variables for the study of material removal rate and surface roughness. Three different electrode materials copper, brass and graphite were used with EDM oil as a dielectric fluid in the experiment. Using Taguchi method, L9 orthogonal array has been chosen and three levels corresponding to each of the variables are taken. Experiments have been performed as per the set of experiments designed in the orthogonal array. Results of experimentation were analyzed analytically as well as graphically. Signal to Noise ratio was calculated to analyze the effect of input parameter more accurately. It is found that ANOVA has unable to find the key significant parameters for the output response due to less number of variables and factors. The optimal value of MRR and SR were also calculated using their signal to noise ratio value.

In many of today’s most challenging land drilling applications, the lower weight on bit and hydrostatic head, achieved with air drilling methods with foam are consider a key to reducing drilling time and costs which can improve efficiency . These systems improve rates of penetration, minimize problems such as differential sticking, lost circulation. Air drilling with foam, also drills a straight hole in vertical sections, and reduces deviation by comparing with conventional drilling methods.

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) for polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (tween) series surfactant was determined by the fluorescence intensity technique. It has been measured against concentration of micelle at temperature range (298-348) °k . at 298°k the CMC for tween (20, 21, 40, 60 and 80) were (0.0499, 0.063, 0.0333, 0.0167 and 0.015) mM respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) for all tween series decreased with increasing carbon atoms number for alkyl group, but increased with increasing the number of oxyethylene group. The CMC for all tween series decreased with increasing temperature, it slightly increased at higher temperature. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°m, ΔH°m , ΔS°m ) of the micelle formation were calculated from the temperature dependence on the CMC, ΔG°m decreased when increasing temperature above the whole temperature range . It is found that (ΔG°m, ΔH°m , ΔS°m ) decreased with increasing carbon number for alkyl group , but increased with increasing the number of oxyethylene group.

In this paper we have developed some formulae related to indefinite integrals in association with Hypergeometric functions.

The necessity to bear real time and multimedia application for users of Mobile 𝑨𝒅𝒉𝒐𝒄 Network (𝑴𝑨𝑵𝑬𝑻) is becoming vital. Mobile 𝑨𝒅𝒉𝒐𝒄 network facilitates decentralized network that can present multimedia users with mobility that they have demanded, if proficient 𝑸𝒐𝑺 multicast strategies were developed. By giving the guarantee of 𝑸𝒐𝑺 in 𝑨𝒅𝒉𝒐𝒄 network, the proficient bandwidth estimation method plays a very important role. The research paper represented here presents a splendid method for estimating or measuring Bandwidth in 𝑨𝒅𝒉𝒐𝒄 network whose character is decentralized in nature. Contrasting in the centralized formation, the bandwidth estimating in 𝑨𝒅𝒉𝒐𝒄 is significant and this eventually makes an influence over the 𝑸𝒐𝑺 of the network communication. The admission control and dynamic bandwidth management method which is presented here, facilitates it with fairness and rate guarantees despite the distributed link layer fair scheduling being absent. Alteration has been made over 𝑴𝑨𝑪 layer and this method is appropriate where the peer-to-peer (𝑷𝟐𝑷) multimedia transmissions rates are amended in compliantly fashion.In the research work presented here the architecture of the 𝑴𝑨𝑪 layer has been altered and the data handling capacity has been increased. This technique is adopted to facilitate higher data rate transmission and eliminate congestion over the considerednetwork. The proposed technique implements the splitting of 𝑴𝑨𝑪 into two sub layer where one will be responsible for control data transmission while other effectively transmits the data bits. Thus it results into higher data rate transmission with better accuracy and optimized network throughput. The research work in the presented paper exhibits superior accuracy and is very much effective in bandwidth estimation and management application in multi hop Mobile Ad-Ho

Information communication between two peers can be done using various mediums. These mediums can be either linguistic or gestures. The development of procedure for realizing gestures into meaningful information plays a pivotal role in instances where linguistic feature cannot be taken as a basis and gestures can be used as the alternative for the conveying the same. This project basically presents a very effective and efficient approach for recognizing the hand gesture that represents numbers. The work basically represents the active and in-active fingers with Boolean true or false respectively, in different combination for representing different numbers. The method of representing the hand gesture in binary pattern contributes a lot for increasing the performance of classification process. The binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) is considered as a recognition tool.

The aim of the present paper is to obtain a finite integral involving a product of Fujiwara’s polynomial [7], M-series [15], a general class of polynomial [10], with the H-function of several complex variables [11]. The results are quite general in nature hence encompass many new, known and unknown results hitherto in the literature.

We have made an attempt to study a pathway fractional integral operator concerning to pathway model and pathway probability density for product of some special functions with a general class of polynomials. Our results are quite general in nature and hence compass a large number of results hitherto in the literature.

This paper proposes an enhanced mobile ad-hoc routing protocol FSR (Fast and Secure Routing), which is enhanced version of best features of ZBR (Zone Based routing Protocol). FSR deals with speed and security both at the same time. The ZBR enhances the speed of the network whether TCP has provided the primary means to transfer data reliably across the Internet. Modern networks routinely drop packets when the load temporarily exceeds their buffering capacities. Early detection protocols have tried to address this problem with a user-defined threshold, the finding of detecting and removing compromised routers can be thought of as an instance of anomalous behaviour based intrusion detection. That can be the compromised router can that identified by correct routers when it deviates from exhibiting expected behaviour. This protocol can be evaluated in a small experimental network.