The present study was carried out to develop ice cream using frozen Kinnow peel; both unblanched and blanched, at the levels of 1, 3 and 5%, each. The ice cream samples were analyzed for sensory and chemical parameters. The addition of Kinnow peel improved the appearance, flavour and overall acceptability of the ice cream samples. The total solids (TS), ascorbic acid and flavonoids (naringin) content of the ice cream samples were found to increase with increased level of addition of peel. Based on sensory evaluation, the best levels of frozen Kinnow peel in ice cream were: unblanched-3% and blanched-5%. When compared, ice cream with 3% unblanched-frozen kinnow peel was found to be the best.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in Medani teaching hospital & oncology hospital. In aspect of clinical presentation, surgical procedure, use of adjuvant therapy and the outcome of management. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study that has been reviewing a 55 patient with soft tissue sarcoma presented to the hospital during the period from January 2010 to August 2012. Results: the mean age is 51 years. The peak age range was 40–60 years, with the most common site affected by soft tissue sarcoma is the lower limbs (43.6%) and common size of presentation more than 15 cm in the greatest dimension (47.3%). (36.4%) of patients presented with past history of excision. MRI and U/S stand as the most common imaging requested (29.1%) and (30.6%) respectively. Excisional biopsy done for the majority of patients (58.2%) in which most of them has clear margin (56.4%).

The paper was burdened by the need to evolve a proactive use of the media and information communication technology (ICT) as instruments for peace building, security and conflict management system (CMS) and how these can be realised. Looking at ICT and how it affect security and security soft and hard wares. It also considered ICT as a driver of social conflict and security. The paper saw peace building as a product of ICT and how Information system management (ISM) can either increase or decrease conflict eruption.

This paper deals with the travails of national security in the context of democracy and urbanism. It argues that the securitization of democracy has undermined democratic freedoms. Central to the arguments is that the constrain of democracy in Africa has been the reduction of its principles to serve sentiment of the developing community. It further argues that democracy should be seen as an essentially contested concept, not in ways that denies its core values but that recognize its pluralism. It is this pluralism of democracy that creates the lacuna that in many cases contravene some basic security values such as force and precision particularly in city centers. Democracy in Nigeria attempt compromising security into face saving agenda. This constitutes threat to its essence and commitment to order and obedience. This unfortunately caught most African police napping helplessly. The paper concludes with some ways forward.

The main idea behind organic farming is ‘zero impact’ on the environment. The motto of the organic farming is to protect the earth’s resources and produce safe and healthy crop. Organic farming is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local condition, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic farming combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved. Organic farming is being practiced in 130 countries of the world. The ill effects of chemicals used in agriculture have changed the mindset of some consumers of different countries who are now buying organic with high premium for health. Policy makers are also promoting organic farming for restoration of soil health and generation of rural economy apart from making efforts for creating better environment. The global organic area is 26 million hectare roughly along with 61 standards and 364 certification bodies roughly. The world organic market is now $26 billion.

Mylavaram reservoir is mainly constructed for irrigation purposes but water is also reserved for drinking. In the present study the physico-chemical parameters of Mylavaram dam water analyzed for a period of one year (January 2012 to December 2012) to check the pot ability of water. The parameters such as Temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, Total dissolved solids, Total hardness and Nitrates were used. Almost all the parameters analyzed with standard methods & compared with the WHO & BIS standard and presented statistically then concluded.

Motivation is significant to arouse students’ interest towards learning process in every teaching learning situation. At primary level motivation plays important role as compared to the other levels of learning due to the fact that young learners need to be motivated towards learning as they experience the new knowledge. Present study is designed to explore the impact of teachers’ motivational techniques on students’ academic achievements. Here motivational techniques used by the primary school teachers were measured in relation with the academic achievement of primary school students. In this research various objectives, hypotheses and research questions were formulated. The stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data from respondent teaching at Islamabad Model colleges (Schools). Sample size was based on 100 teachers; 50 teachers were taken from five boys’ schools and 50 teachers were taken from five girls schools.

Activity-based costing (ABC) is a method for determining true costs. Though ABC is a relatively recent innovation in cost accounting, it is rapidly being adopted by companies across many industries, within government and other organizations like institutions, finance or service sectors. In the light of current practices, this paper emphasizes to understand the need and importance of ABC costing in the organizations. This is coupled with management methods, an extensive range of uses, empowering utilization of ABC information for a wide variety of company functions and operations such as process analysis, strategy support and time-based accounting, monitoring wastage and quality along with productivity management.

Commercialization of briquetting technology, it is essential to know whether the technology was economically viable or not. Therefore an attempt was made for estimation of economics of the briquettes prepared from carbonized cashew nut shell and other selected biomass. The briquettes were prepared on screw press extruder briquetting machine for different combinations of major biomass. The prepared briquettes after sun drying were subjected to various tests for assessing the quality of fuel. The suitability of briquetted fuel as domestic fuel was studied with standard water boiling test. Cashew shell briquettes burnt with good flame in cook stove and observed 15.5 per cent thermal efficiency. Better results in cashew shell briquettes related to calorific value, shattering indices test, tumbling test, degree of densification, energy density ratio, resistance to water penetration and water boiling test as compared to grass and rice husk briquettes were observed. Calorific value was found more in cashew shell briquetted fuel as 5154.58 kcal/kg. Net Present Value of cashew shell, grass and rice husk briquettes were 1935370.8, 2256434.38 and 631948.8 respectively. Pay back period for cashew shell, grass, rice husk briquettes were 8.1, 7.56 and 29.35 months respectively. Benefit Cost Ratio for cashew shell, grass, and rice husk briquettes were 2.8, 2.93 and 1.51 respectively.

Comparisons between F3 and Backcross combinations derived from Gimmizah x Bandarah cross were used to estimate additive and dominance effects and the average level of dominance, which control the inheritance of egg production traits. Genetic variance components were estimated using Designs ІІ and Ш. Both analysis determined that large positive additive genetic variations were found for age at sexual maturity 20.4, egg number at the first 90 d. of production 149.8 and egg number at 52 weeks of age 848.7 in backcross generations compared with the same traits in F3 generation (–52.0, 14.8 and 9.9), respectively. On the other hand small positive additive genetic variances were found for body weight at maturity (0.0144) and egg weight at maturity (0.281) in backcross generations, the corresponding values in F3 generation were – 0.018 and – 9.87, respectively. These results indicate that the parents Gimmizah and Bandarah contain a high proportion of additive genes for these traits, which accumulated in backcrosses. Furthermore, the F3 generation yielded higher positive dominance variance components for age at sexual maturity 287.7 and egg weight at maturity 48.6 than the corresponding variances in backcrosses 8.3 and 8.1, respectively.