Ethiopia, a country in Africa, is endowed with renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar and wind. These energy sources are economically exploitable and if electrical energy could be prouduced it could be surplus beyond the country’s demand. Exporting electrical energy, Ethiopia could earn more money without disturbing environment as it is a global warming issue now-a-days. But due to lack of technology, the rich renewable resources are not utilized properly, and as a result, only 15% of the population of the country have access to electricity. In this paper, based on moderate scenario, an alternative scenario for Ethiopia’s electricity sector will be developed to meet its energy demand upto the year 2030. For alternative scenario, the time range from year 2008 to 2030 was considered in LEAP software. In the alternative scenario, hydro and geothermal were judiciously selected as the source of energy. Solar energy was not selected due to its upfront cost which is unbearable by any developing countries. Wind energy was not selected because of seasonal variations in energy production around the year.

The main target of this work is to solve the transportation problems associated with the waxy crude oil particularly the deposition of paraffin wax during transportation and storage if the temperature of the crude drops below certain temperatures. This work aims to prepare different copolymers based on vinyl acetate and methacrylic acid monomers. The reactions involve copolymerization of vinyl acetate with methacrylic acid in different monomer ratios. The prepared copolymers then esterified using stearyl and behenyl alcohols. The chemical structure of the prepared copolymers and their characteristics were evaluated using FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular weight of the polymeric additives was measured using GPC. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers were studied for their capability as pour point depressants (PPD) and flow improvers for Egyptian waxy crude oil to solve the problem of wax deposition during transportation and storage. The study showed that generally the CoVASMA esters were efficient in the role of both pour point depressant and flow improver for the tested crude oil.

The cloud computing is a computing technology that allows us to share the pool of configurable sources where the data of individuals or the organisations can be stored remotely those can be accessible on-demand high quality applications. Even though there are many advantages associated with cloud computing still it brings new challenges in terms of security provided for the data storage providers as sensitive information of individuals is stored in these cloud storage providers. The owners of data expect a cloud data storage provider to be ensured with high servicelevel requirements. To ensure the deployment of cloud data storage service with security levels, some efficient methods has to be designed for the verification of the correctness of data. This paper proposes architecture for cloud computing that has a trusted entity with expertise and capability to assess cloud storage security in assistance of data owner request. The main aim of this paper is to enable public risk auditing protocols with which data owners can gain trust in cloud.

This paper presents an approach to minimize the harmonics contained in the output of a single phase half bridge inverter. With a view to reducing harmonics an LC low pass filter is used which blocks the harmonics and undeniably passes almost sinusoidal output at the output terminal. An illustration of Fourier Transform has been provided in this paper in order to perceive both the fundamental and harmonics component precisely. It has been found from simulation that the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) before and after the application is 44.999% and 0.0183% respectively. That is why, this LC low pass filter is quite effective to reduce THD of a 1-phase half bridge inverter.

Sustainability is a burning factor in the forestry sector around the world. Understanding sustainability is also a critical question. This research examined the status of Bangladesh forestry by indicating the needs of forest products and the efficiency of forest policy and management practices, and relates sustainability with scarcity situations Bangladesh is a country of beauty with forest and river. The natural significant of Bangladesh is mainly depends on its forest. The greenness of our country is the gift of heaven. But we are not aware of this marvelous asset. In this work we have evaluated the status of forest of Bangladesh under the approach of soft computing. The method is Self Organization Map (SOM). We classified the data set by Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). The study area we have designed the south part of the Bangladesh.

Garo hills region of northeast India is severely affected by sheet erosion mainly because of the age old tradition of shifting cultivation in the fragile hill slopes aided by other anthropogenic activities. Slope and elevation are important parameters that provide varieties of topographical feature for ecological patches. Vegetation is one of the major factors controlling soil erosion, while most soil erosion occurrences are due to the removal of vegetation and topsoil. Change matrix result indicates dynamic character of landscape.The present study is conducted to examine the landscape dynamics to relate vegetation cover with slope and elevation in three Garo hills districts of Meghalaya using temporal remote sensing data of 2001 and 2010. It is revealed that there is decrease in open forest during the study period while areas under dense forest and non-forest increased. This increased forest areas are confined in the high slopes which are inaccessible.

Estimates of genetic parameters are useful since they provide information on the inheritance of characters and help to predict the value of crosses. If the value of crosses cannot be predicted, many crosses need to be made which results in each cross having a small population size, fewer progenies in later generations and a lower probability of recovering good genotypes from each cross. The objectives of this study were therefore i) to estimate genetic parameters from diallel crosses involving five inbred lines: Feres Gama(37), Feleme(68), Mage(07), 1153(28) and 1182(44) that vary for different agronomic characters and ii) to determine the breeding value of the parents so that the progeny performance from crosses involving the best parents could be predicted. Data for agronomic characters were obtained from parents and F1 progenies evaluated in a greenhouse under waterlogged and free drainage conditions. The results highlighted the importance of additive gene action for spike length, number of seeds spike-1 and grain yield spike-1 under free drainage conditions and for days to heading and days to maturity at both treatment levels. Both additive and non-additive gene action were important in the control of grain yield under free drainage conditions. By contrast, estimates of genetic parameters for yield and yield components (except spike length) were very low or negative under waterlogged conditions. Among the parents, Feres Gama(37) and 1153(28) contributed the highest positive GCA effects and comparable SCA variances for yield and yield components under free drainage conditions. Hence, these parents shall be tested thoroughly in order that maximum use of their superior combining ability can be made in future crossing programs for environments free of waterlogging stress. A separate crossing and selection program is suggested for the respective environmental conditions if resources permit.

Diallyl disulphide, the principle organosulphur compound of garlic oil, is known to possess many clinical beneficial effects, but its overuse or abuse has been reported to cause certain harmful side effects due to its possible metabolite acrolein. It was thought that the disulphide nature of diallyl disulphide is responsible for its hypolipidemic effect and the unsaturation may be for its toxic effects. Recently few synthetic disulphides are successfully employed in experimentally induced hyperlipidemia. The present study was under taken to compare the hypolipidemic as well as toxic effects of saturated disulphide, Dipropyl disulphide with Diallyl disulphide. The atherogenic diet fed male albino rats were given orally 100mg/kg body weight of disulphide (DADS or DPDS) for 60 days, later the rats were sacrificed and the plasma lipid profile, glycoproteins, calcium and transaminases were estimated. The aortic homogenates were employed for the estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total sulphhydryl group. The results indicate a significant hypolipidemic effect with dipropyl disulphide with a comparative lower toxic side effect. It is concluded that DPDS is much safer and equally good hypolipidemic agent in experimentally induced hyperlipidemia in albino rats.

Vacant land is seen as important component of urban environment capable of generating a detrimental effect on quality of life and the living environment. The study attempts to examine the characteristics, distribution pattern, utilization and the attendant challenges of urban vacant land within Ogbomoso north a local government area in Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria with a view to assessing the level of maintenance of the vacant lands. In order to achieve these objectives, both primary and secondary data were employed. Primary data were gathered through direct survey and interviews. Simple random sampling was used to purposively select 320 adult interviewed from a compiled list of households obtained from National Population Commission. Secondary data were obtained from internet, books and journals. Data were analyzed making use of descriptive and inferential statistics to present discussion

The amino acids profiles were determined in the whole eggs of duck, francolin and turkey consumed in Nigeria on a dry weight basis. The protein content (g/100 g) had the trend: francolin (80.1) > turkey (77.6) > duck (67.9). The highest concentrated amino acid in the three eggs was glutamic acid with values of (g/100 g): duck (13.1) > francolin (13.0) > turkey (12.1); with total amino acid following similar trend as duck (82.4) > francolin (80.8) > turkey (79.9). The essential amino acids had a trend of (g/100 g): duck (39.5) > turkey (37.0) > francolin (36.0); others like this trend were basic amino acids, sulphur amino acids and essential amino acid index. Aromatic amino acid had a trend of (g/100 g): duck (10.2) > francolin (9.96) > turkey (9.26) and the predicted protein efficiency ratio also followed a similar trend. On scores based on whole hen’s egg, serine was the limiting amino acid in all the samples having values of 0.48 (duck), 0.38 (francolin) and 0.37 (turkey). Scores based on pre-school children requirements, leucine (0.99) was limiting in duck, lysine (0.95) in francolin and leucine (0.90) in turkey. However, valine was limiting under the provisional amino acid scoring pattern: duck (0.80), francolin (0.77)