Objective: Hepatitis B virus infections is widely seen all through the world. Disorder in the antioxidant system and oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with HBV positive group, patients with HBV negative and compared to control group. Material and Methods: Thirty six patients with HBV positive group, Thirty six patients with HBV negative and compared to thirty control group were included in this study. Glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), Vit C, Vit E and albumin levels were measured in all patients and control group specthrophotometrically. Results: SOD activity, GSH, VitC, Vit E and albumin were significantly lower in patients with HBV positive group when compared to patients with HBV negative and control group. However, MDA levels was increased in each patient group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The current study supposed that deficiency of antioxidant barrier may cause oxidative stress in patients with HBV, and may be antioxidant treatment should be useful for these patients.

Day by day, wireless networking technology and mobile computing devices are becoming more popular for their mobility as well as great functionality. Now it is an extremely growing demand to process mobile transactions in mobile databases that allow mobile users to access and operate data anytime and anywhere, irrespective of their physical positions. Information is shared among multiple clients and can be modified by each client independently. However, for the assurance of timely access and correct results in concurrent mobile transactions, concurrency control techniques (CCT) happen to be very difficult. Due to the properties of Mobile databases e.g. inadequate bandwidth, small processing capability, unreliable communication, mobility etc. existing mobile database CCTs cannot employ effectively. With the client-server model, applying common classic pessimistic techniques of concurrency control (like 2PL) in mobile database leads to long duration Blocking and increasing waiting time of transactions. Because of high rate of aborting transactions, optimistic techniques aren`t appropriate in mobile database as well. This paper discusses the issues that need to be addressed when designing a CCT technique for Mobile databases, analyses the existing scheme of CCT and justify their performance limitations. A modified optimistic concurrency control scheme is proposed which is based on the number of data items cached, amount of execution time and current load of the database server. Experimental results show performance benefits, such as increase in average response time and decrease in waiting time of the transactions.

Real-time database must maintain the Temporal Consistency of the data which cannot be achieved with the conventional concurrency control techniques as they focus only on the consistency of the data. Different protocols exhibit good performance on different situations. But a single technique is inadequate to meet the demand of real-time database. To improve the concurrency control technique for real-time transactions, this paper will present a comprehensive technique that coordinates multi-version, OCC Sacrifice, Speculative Concurrency Control and 2PL-HP protocols. The presented technique uses best suited protocol based on the contention of transactions. Thus it can significantly improve the concurrency of transactions as well as increase the number of transactions.

In this report, I have used commercial matlab software for activated sludge process. Have included various types of activation process, and then done simulation of a simple fermenter and activated sludge processer used in activated sludge process included the future developments in activated sludge process.

The functional properties of the testa, dehulled and whole seed samples of Vigna subterranea were examined under different neutral salt concentrations. Parameters examined for were: foaming capacity (FC), foaming stability (FS), water absorption capacity (WAC), emulsion capacity (EC), lowest gelation concentration (LGC) and protein solubility (PS). Results showed that the highest FC was recorded for NaCl at 0.5 % salt concentration, the lowest FC was recorded for Na2SO3 at 10 % salt concentration. Most of the present values of FS were lower than those reported for some legumes in literature. WAC values ranged between 250- 400 % (testa), 140-240 % (dehulled) and 100-240 % (whole seeds) in the various salt solutions; high WAC values could make the samples useful replacement in various food formulations such as baked goods and custards. The EC results showed that EC depended on salts concentrations and the type of salts under consideration. LGC results were in the range of 2.0-8.0 % which were mostly lower or within the range of most literature values for leguminous seeds. For the five salts used in the analysis (NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO3, NaNO3 and CH3COONa), the proteins in the samples were more soluble in the basic region of pH. The PS figures mostly showed two distinct peaks meaning that the bambara groundnut samples might be having two major proteins.

This paper discusses language acquisition from a perspective of a dichotomy between the communicative notion and its expression. The communicative notion refers to what the speaker intends to communicate with the person or listener that he wants to address and the expression is the realization of the communicative notion by means of language. The authors first introduced Vygotsky’s theory on the relation between thought and language, then discussed the mechanisms of the communicative notion acting as the starting point of language acquisition through the analysis of the description of a child learning to say the word “doll”, provided by Bloomfield, and finally explained how expression develops on the basis of the communicative notion.

Filter Sheets are non standard components and hence the guidelines for design are loose under the ASME and the TEMA code. The usual engineering practice is to extend the ever current design is available with an increased factor of safety. However this results in excessively heavy designs, resulting in increasing costs (e.g. Material, transport, assembly and installation).Hence in such designs there is maximum scope for optimization. Optimization goals are focused on Installing maximum possible filter tubes in a single plate thus increasing the capacity – Shape Optimization and Designing an optimal thickness for filter sheet assembly component for maximum economy – Material optimization. The Project execution phases consist of Analyzing a proposed for both Shape and Material optimization and submission of reports to clients, (In this phase we analyze only 1/6th portion of the assembly) Based on approval and feedback of client, designing the entire assembly and submitting drawings and models for approval) On approval of client proceed with analysis of the entire model created in phase 2. Performing actual hydro tests on the assembly after manufacturing, and evaluating effectiveness of FEA analysis. Preparing Information sheets and guideline processes for future project implementation. The challenges for FEA validation are Performing Shape Optimization and making filter pattern in accordance with manufacturability and ergonomic evaluations. FEA validation should certify a FOS of 5, as required by the guidelines of the Saudi Arabia Oil Code. FEA validation being comparable in case of Hydro Test performance on actual installation of assembly. The outputs of FEA work shall be a shape Optimized Filter Sheet assembly, with maximum productivity and maximum economy. Deformation and Stress Certification for performance in Hydro Test which shall take place at 2.5 times the actual working conditions.

The case focuses in evaluation of a Peruvian company called “The Energy Distribution Company of Peru – DEPSA”. This company has several lines of financing (credit lines or credit facilities) in order to cover their operations in the short and long term. In the last board meeting, they (the board members) agreed that DEPSA should continue with the current financing politic for their operations, focusing on the next 12 months in the short term. In order to confirm the possibility of continuing with that politic, the finance manager had to coordinate with the main bank, the evaluation through a credit analysis and ask for a renewal of its credit lines first in front of the respective financial institution.In addition, the board asked that the regulatory area explains, on the next session, how the Electricity Sector works in Peru does and who are the main actors and stakeholders of the business.

This paper examines new methodologies that may be used for the process of the Anthropometric data collection in the Human Respiratory Tract (HRT). The geometric dimensions of internal human anatomy in the nasal and oral cavity varies among the individuals but has the same structure overall. The volume of the flow differs widely with respect to the dimensions of the nasal and oral cavity. The process of defining a definite geometry is a complex task as the shape or size of the cavity differs widely. Several methods which are published in literature define the geometry by determining its physical characteristics. The existing methodologies focus on the internal portion of the nasal and oral cavity extending up to the trachea and beyond. A methodology is proposed to measure the characteristic dimension of the human nasal and oral cavity at the inlet/outlet points which are classified as internal measurements.

This project report covers soft X-ray generation of the X-ray microprobe and advances made at the Gray Cancer Institute. Schematics and benefits of the microprobe are presented and microfocussing techniques specifically for enhanced spatial image resolution of cellular structures are considered.