This article examines the impact of news about the Bank of Japan’s financial policy regarding the Japanese yen and U.S. dollar interest rates. In general, whether or not the news announcements from the financial authorities impact their own markets is related to the successful conduct of their policies. In Japan, a zero/low interest rate or quantitative easing policy has been conducted under severe economic conditions to combat deflation and recession for almost 10 years, so there is some possibility that evident changes in interest rates do not occur. Also, there is no consensus about effectiveness of new announcements. Empirical results show recent significant impact of the Bank of Japan announcements on not only Japanese interest rates but also on those of United States. These results have contributed to the recent success of financial policy in Japan.

E-Business and Supply Chain Collaboration E-business - the use of Internet-based computing and communications to execute both front-end and back-end business processes- has emerged as a key enabler to drive supply chain integration. Businesses can use the Internet to gain global visibility across their extended network of trading partners and help them respond quickly to a range of variables, from customer demand to resource shortages. This Paper examines the impact of e-business on supply chain integration, with particular emphasis on four key areas: information sharing, synchronized planning, workflow coordination, and the evolution of new business models. It offers real-world examples of how companies large and small have adopted e-business approaches to achieve the significant benefits of supply chain integration. It illustrates the power of e-business with examples of innovative technology solutions. Finally, it discusses how cross-supply chain performance monitoring will be a critical success factor in achieving the advantages inherent in supply chain integration.

the amino acid analysis and preliminary toxicological effect of Garcinia mangostana seed cake on albino rats have been investigated in order to determine its suitability as an additive in feed supplement. The proximate analysis of the seed cake showed that it had a high carbohydrate value of 71.02 ± 0.79% but low protein, moisture, fat and ash contents of 8.09 ± 0.21%, 10.42 ± 1.12%, 2.13 ± 0.13% and 1.8 ± 0.02% respectively.The seed cake also contains manganese, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc. The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed that Garcinia mangostana seed cake contains tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Among the seventeen amino acid determined in the defatted seed, glutamate gave the highest concentration of 10.94 g/100g. During the rat experiment which lasted for six weeks, both the control and test rats appeared to suffer no toxicological effect and weekly monitoring showed good physical appearance. There was no significant difference between the control and test groups for the haematology and histopathology examination of sections of the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, intestine and brain result.

The aim of the present paper is an attempt to introduce a new sequence of functions { (M,N;P,Q,R; ) ( ) } n V x;a, k,s / n 0,1, 2,... α = in equation (1.15), which involving with the generalized contour integral M,N [ ] P,Q;R I x . By using operational technique, some interesting generating relations and finite summation formulae are obtained in sections 2 and 3. These generating relations and finite summation formulae are unified in nature and act as key formulae from which, we can obtain as their special cases. For the sake of illustration we record here some special cases of our main formulas in section 4, which are also new and known.

The basic theory of right of name consists of the four aspects of concept, nature, object and content. The legislation of the name right in China has deficiency in systematicness, completeness and technicality. On the basis of comparing with the relevant legislations at home and abroad, we can explore the perfecting path of the legislation of right of name in China from the characters, registration, change and use rules of name.

In Nigerian markets, birds are sold on face value and not by actual body weight which prompted this experiment. This experiment was conducted to predict body weight from zoometrical measurements (body length, breast girth and keel length) in Nigerian local turkeys at different ages. A total of 250 poults were used for the study which lasted for 12 weeks. Measurements of body length, breast girth and keel length were regressed against body weight using linear, quadratic and cubic functions. The coefficient of determination (R2) obtained varied from 24.62% to 81.93% for the three functions. Cubic function had the highest R2 values for all the zoometrical measurements, while linear function had the least R2 values in all the three age groups. The highest R2 value (81.93%) was obtained at the 8th week. Best accuracy of prediction was obtained with breast girth in all the age groups. From the results obtained in this study, body weight of turkeys can be predicted from any of the body length, keel length and breast girth with best accuracy of prediction obtained with cubic function and breast girth as the regressor.

Asthma or Rabu (Bronchial asthma) is common in those people who have Balghami Mizaj (Phlegmatic temperament) as it is being described by unani physicians. It is treated by several herbo-mineral drugs, which have bronchodilator, mucolytic and expectorant properties. In a clinical trial carried out in Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College hospital during 2000 to 2003, the therapeutic response of a polyherbal formulation of Barg-e-aroosa, Gul-e- Zoofah and Aslus-soos, was found encouraging in patients having Balghami Mizaj(Phlegmatic temperament) while least response was observed in patients with saudavi Mizaj (Melancholic temperament). The study shows that the concept of ancient Unani scholars about asthma is true and scientific.

The current paper is a historical analysis of the women’s movement and gender reforms in Pakistan. The study is based upon secondary information following an evolutionary perspective with regard to social change and development. Library method as source of data collection has been used in the study particularly, the data used in the paper has been taken from a PhD dissertation in Anthropology, conducted in the year 2008-12 in the Department of Anthropology Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad under the scholarship scheme of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. Most of the information in the current study provides detail about gender and women’s reforms in Pakistan where the information have been describes in the form qualitative report. The paper concludes that women’s movement and gender reforms are the outcome of long historic process and such process are mostly obstructed by multiple factors including the conservative forces. Besides, such challenges, there is always the possibility of change and development as clear from the gender reforms in Pakistan.

Este artigo discute o realismo, especialmente no Fundo Monetário Internacional, a partir da crise de 2008, sobretudo nos princípios que fundamentam os fatores de segurança e cooperação. Destaca-se a questão da estabilidade financeira internacional através das Quotas e Reformas do FMI como recurso pleno a todos os países membros.

- The goal of financial reporting is to make information available for decision making. Historically, there is diversity in financial reporting in different countries due to culture, legal systems, tax systems and business structures. International financial reporting standards (IFRS) harmonises this diversity by making information more comparable and easier for analysis, promoting efficient allocation of resources and reduction in capital cost. Rational utility maximation is the theoretical foundation on which this paper is rooted. The IFRS components are disclosed, the benefits and challenges together with the roadmap of its adoption in Nigeria are highlighted for the economic development of Nigeria.