Introducing water with fuel in diesel engines has been proved to be powerful and economical method for reducing combustion pollutant emissions from the engine. Most studies available in literature discuss the effect of adding water to the fuel in the range 5 to 10% water. In this paper, results of modeling study are presented where the effect of relatively high water content in fuel has been investigated. The fuel used was a surrogate mixture composed of 70% n-Heptane and 30% Toluene with two water contents of 25% and 35% by volume. The modeling study was performed using the commercially available software CHEMKIN at diesel engine-relevant conditions. The results show that water, even at high percentages, still has the tendency to reduce pollutant emissions as its concentration increases. Also, fuel consumption was found to decrease by increasing water content. However, the tradeoff with CO and Unburned Hydrocarbons UHC emissions was maintained.

The effectiveness of plastic pots inoculation technique to infect Ceratonia siliqua and phoenix dactylifera L. seedling roots with ectomycorrhizal fungal Pisolithus tinctorius [(Pers) Coker & Couch] was established. Spores powders inoculum units were prepared from crushed carpophores of Pisolithus tinctorius. Six months after inoculation, ectomycorrhizas were established in date palm and carob seedlings roots. The ectomycorrhization of Ceratonia siliqua and Phoenix dactylifera using spores powders inoculum was performed for the first time in our experiment conditions. These ectomycorrhizas results can provide an enormous potential for the development of large scale inoculation procedures of these species seedlings in commercial nurseries. The ectomycorrhization of date palm can be exploited to fight against Fusarium wilt using Pisolithus tinctorius as biocontrol.

The local Lorentz symmetry says that the laws of physics are the same for all local inertial observers moving through space, regardless of their velocity and orientation. However, this notion of symmetry actually comes from the distortion of Einstein’s equivalence principle by the Wheeler School because they do not understand the essence of its physics and its mathematical foundation adequately. To clarify this, Einstein’s equivalence principle, quoted from Eins-tein, is compared with related theorems. A crucial point is that the Einstein-Minkowski condition is satisfied naturally as part of the physical process. It is pointed out also that Einstein’s equivalence principle is supported by experiments. It is shown: 1) based on general relativity, a violation of the local Lorentz invariance is generally expected; 2) the interpreta-tion of Misner, Thorne, & Wheeler, in fact, disagrees with Einstein’s equivalence principle; 3) mathematical analysis shows that their interpretation is a misleading distortion since it is valid only for the case of special relativity.

Tourism is an emerging sector for Bangladesh. Tourism is one of the most growing industries all around the world. Bandarban is one of the district of bangladesh that is blessed with unparallel devine beauty. There are more than sixteen popular tourist spot at Bandarban in Bangladesh. In 2011, 1036 foreign tourist sand in 2012, 1205 foreign tourists came Bandarban to visit and enjoy its natural beauty. The aim of this paper to reveals the problems and prospects of tourism at Bandarban. The writer tried to highlight the special attractive tourist spots of Bandarban. These papers also find out some barriers of tourism at Bandarban and provide some suggestions to overcome those problems.

Cloud computing is an emerging technology and it is purely based on internet and its environment. It provides different services to users such as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), PaaS, IaaS, Storage-as-a-service (SaaS). Using Storage-as-a-Service, users and organizations can store their data remotely which poses new security risks towards the correctness of data in cloud. In order to achieve secure cloud storage, there exists different techniques such as flexible distributed storage integrity auditing mechanism, distributed erasure-coded data, Merkle Hash Tree(MHT) construction etc. These techniques support secure and efficient dynamic data storage in the cloud. This paper also deals with architectures for security and privacy management in the cloud storage environment.

Predominantly large distributed networks currently provide support for group oriented protocols and applications. Regardless of the type of distributed network there is a need to provide communication privacy and data integrity to the information exchange amongst the group members. This paper introduces a protocol named Authentication based Secure Communication Plane (). adopts the commutative RSA algorithm to maintain data integrity. The proposed protocol not only eliminates the overheads resulting from key distribution and key compromise attacks but also provide for information security in the presence of colluded group members. Radio Frequency Identification () tags is used for group member identification. The RACP protocol is compared with the RFID extended Secure Lock () group communication protocol and its efficiency in terms of the computational complexity involved is discussed in this paper.

With the help of the modified four-particle cluster model Hamiltonian [GJSFR, 10, 18(2010)], the theoretical expressions for the relaxation rate of polarization fluctuation have been evaluated and discussed for the KH2PO4 (KDP)- type crystals by using the double-time thermal dependent retarded Green’s functions techniques and Dyson’s equation treatment. The correlations appearing in the dynamic equation have been evaluated using double-time thermal dependent retarded Green’s functions techniques and Dyson’s equation treatment. Without any decoupling the higher order correlations have been evaluated using the renormalized Hamiltonian. By fitting model values in the theoretical expressions, temperature dependence of relaxation rate is calculated for the KH2PO4 (KDP)-type crystals. Theoretical results are compared with experimental result of Garland and Novotny [1969 Phys Rev. 177 971]. A good agreement has been found.

Wireless sensor networks are composed of large numbers up to thousands of tiny radio- equipped sensors. Every sensor has a small microprocessor with enough power to allow the sensors to autonomously form networks through which sensor information is gathered. Wireless sensor networks makes it possible to monitor places like nuclear disaster areas or volcano craters without requiring humans to be immediately present. Many wireless sensor network applications cannot be performed in isolation; the sensor network must somehow be connected to monitoring and controlling entities. This research paper investigates a novel approach for connecting sensor networks to existing networks: by using the TCP/IP protocol suite in the sensor network, the sensors can be directly connected to an outside network without the need for special proxy servers or protocol converters. Bringing TCP/IP to wireless sensor networks is a challenging task, however. First, because of their limited physical size and low cost, sensors are severely constrained in terms of memory and processing power. Traditionally, these constraints have been considered too limiting for a sensor to be able to use the TCP/IP protocols. In this research paper, I show that even tiny sensors can communicate using TCP/IP. Second, the harsh communication conditions make TCP/IP perform poorly in terms of both throughput and energy efficiency. With this research paper, I suggest a number of optimizations that are intended to increase the performance of TCP/IP for sensor networks. The results of the work presented in this research paper have a significant impact on the embedded TCP/IP networking community. The software evolves as part of the research paper has become widely known in the community. The software is mentioned in books on embedded systems and networking, is used in academic courses on embedded systems, is the focus of articles in professional magazines, is incorporated in embedded operating systems, and is used in a l

The present study tries to establish a causal relationship between the nominal exchange rate and foreign direct investment in India using a time series data between 1992 and 2010. It tries to understand whether the fluctuation in the exchange rate in turn causes the change in the quantum of foreign direct investments inflows and vice-versa which is of enormous importance in the wake of unprecedented depreciation of Indian Rupee against US dollar. Our analysis uses unit root test and Johenson cointegration test to show whether the variables under consideration exhibit stationarity and a long run association respectively. The test indicates absence of any long term association between the two variables under consideration. In the present context it appears that the data is not stationary at level and is stationary at first difference. The Vector Auto regression (VAR) model depicts that the coefficients do not have any long run association.

Human existential desire for immortality of the soul has been a persistent philosophical problem down the ages such that it is imperative for different thinkers to hold divergent opinions in their genuine search for the truth. Unamuno in his sincere search for the truth of immortality, firstly, tries rationalism, thereby tending towards Hegelianism. When he sees that the power of human reason cannot express the inexpressible – the cardinal inherent human hunger, thirst, and desire for self-perpetuation and self-preservation, the longing not to die but to live forever – he turns to irrationalism. In other words, Unamuno, claiming that man has eternal soul, substantiates his thesis of immortality of the human soul merely via the method of irrationalism. Is this sufficient? Therefore, the paper exposes different views on the immortality of the soul, and assesses Unamuno’s method of enquiry and further clarifies his notion of immortality of the soul. It proposes a synthesis of rationalism and irrationalism as a solution in explaining the concept in question which provides more rooms for the different dimensions of interpretations one might offer to the problem of immortality of the soul. The paper illumines people’s minds on the problem of human existence and enlightens humanity to live meaningful life here for the hereafter. ‘To discover death is to discover the hunger of immortality’ (Unamuno, Tragic Sense of Life)