In this paper we have studied the concept and need of Multiclass classification in scientific research. Various classification approaches are discussed in brief. Support Vector Machines (SVM) has well known record in Binary Classification. Our major emphasis in this paper is to study the fitness of Support Vector Machines in multiclass classification.

In this paper, emphasis has been given on the gradual and continuous advancement of computer from on and before 300BC to 2012 and beyond. During this very long period of time, a simple device like computer has witnessed many significant changes in its manufacturing and development. By and large, the changes are conceptual, manufacturing and in ever increasing applications.

Steganography is the art and science of hiding information by embedding data into cover media. In this paper we propose a new method of information hiding in digital image in spatial domain. In this method we use Plane Bit Substitution Method (PBSM) technique in which message bits are embedded into the pixel value(s) of an image. We first, proposed a Steganography transformation machine (STM) for solving Binary operation for manipulation of original image with help to least significant bit (LSB) operator based matching. Second, we use pixel encryption and decryption techniques under theoretical and experimental evolution. Our experimental, techniques are sufficient to discriminate analysis of stego and cover image as each pixel based PBSM, and operand with LSB.

The levels of fatty acids, phospholipids and zoosterols were determined in the edible parts of three land snails consumed in Nigeria [Archachatina marginata, Archatina (archatina) archatina and Limicolaria sp.)] on dry weight basis. Results showed crude fat varied from 2.22-2.38 g/100 g; SFA varied from 37.5- 49.8 % of total fatty acids, total unsaturated fatty acids varied from 50.2-62.5 %, PUFA ranged from 25.5-38.7 %. In the phospholipids, phophatidylcholine was highest in all the samples with a range of 1.55-2.88 mg/100 g. Only cholesterol had results > 0.00 mg/100 g in the sterols with a value range of 37.1 – 45.1 mg/100 g. Eicosadienoic acid (C20: 2 cis -11, 14) was the highest PUFA in all the samples with range values of 8.36-16.7 mg/100 g.

In the present investigation, we introduce a new class of analytic functions with negative coefficients. The various results obtained here for this function include coefficient estimate and inclusion relationships involving the neighbourhoods of the analytic function.

Present investigation attempted to explore the occurrence, distribution and diversity of epigeal invertebrate fauna in the different micro-habitats of the Sonamarg (34°.40’ 31”7 N latitude 74°71’29”E longitude) Kashmir. A checklist of epigeal invertebrate fauna was prepared and determines the effect of various micro habitats determined. Six sites were selected in the study area. A total of 34 species belonging to 11 different orders were reported. The maximum number of species belonged to order Coleoptera (10 species) followed by Araneida (5 species) and Hymenoptera (5 species), Hemiptera (3 species), Dermoptera, Diptera, Oligochaeta and Scolopendramorpha (2 species each), Dictyoptera, Juliformia and Orthoptera (1 specie each). Various relative parameters such as, density, relative-density, frequency, relative frequency, abundance, relative abundance and importance value index were computed. It was concluded that the maximum abundance and diversity pertained to the habitat rich in organic matter followed by the forest area. The epigeal fauna exhibited fairly good degree of variation both site as well as month wise.

Children in slums have a poor quality of life. The lack of basic services affects them the most. Children are most disadvantaged in slums. Girls have to look after younger siblings when both parents go to work. Combined with a traditional bias against educating girls they are often not sent to school or drop out at an early stage. Girls do not have the exposure to everyday city life situations, which men, women and young men have. As a result they are often anxiety prone and stressed. The unhealthy and polluted environment, lack of immunization, malnutrition and absence of educational exposure affects children in slums. Sadly, their physical, emotional and intellectual growth is stunted from a very early age.

In this paper a class of improved estimators has been proposed for estimating population mean in two phase (double) sampling when only partial information is available on either of two auxiliary variables. Under simple random sampling (SRWOR), expressions of mean square error and bias have been derived to make comparison of suggested class with wide range of other estimators. Empirical study has also been given using five different natural populations. Empirical study confirmed that the suggested class of improved estimators is more efficient under percent relative efficiency (PRE) criterion.

The research presents a descriptive study with empirical evidence which enquired the association between need for achievement and risk Adaptiveness among entrepreneurs. Study explores the fact, how need for achievement appetite ignites the desire for risk taking among entrepreneurs. For the purpose of survey a sample of 100 entrepreneurs, 50 each from small and large scale enterprises, were taken. Results of study exhibited that need for achievement was major factor to influence the degree of risk Adaptiveness among entrepreneurs. Mean value for Risk Adaptiveness among small scale entrepreneurs was (M = 14.86) whereas for large scale entrepreneurs was (M = 22.68). It was clear from the mean value of Risk Adaptiveness that the large scale entrepreneurs were more adaptive to the risk in comparison to small scale entrepreneurs. These findings have also been supported by the t value (t = 9.391, p < 0.01).

Cryptography plays a vital role in Internet based applications. Present cryptographic systems on classical computers are providing sufficient security by utilizing symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic technologies but the advent invention of quantum computer makes the present asymmetric cryptographic systems vulnerable. The Quantum theory, which makes present cryptographic systems vulnerable, provides an alternative approach for secure key distribution. This paper depicts various issue related to conventional as well as quantum cryptography and secure key distribution using quantum cryptography.