Nowadays, storage systems are increasingly subject to attacks. So the security system is quickly becoming mendatory feature of the data storage systems. For the security purpose we are always dependent on the cryptography techniques. These techniques take the performance costs for the complete system. So we have proposed the Java File Security System(JFSS). It is based on the on-demand computing system concept, because of the performance issues. It is a greate comback for the system performance. The concept is used because, we are not always in need the secure the files, but the selected one only. In this paper, we have designed a file security system on Windows XP. When we use the operating system, we have to secure some important data. The date is always stored in the files, so we secure the important files well. To check the proposed functionality, we experiment the above said system on the Windows operating system. With these experiments, we have found that the proposed system is working properly, according to the needs of the users.

This paper focuses on the nexus of collaboration among the horizontal organs of government in Nigeria in the context of effective service delivery and politics of hope for the nation and its citizens While specifically examining the three organs of government and their institutional mechanisms of separation of powers and checks and balances in the process, it elucidates the concepts of politics, budgets, servant leadership and, governance. It dichotomizes the latter into two (good and bad governance) with detailed analysis of the imperatives of both and, their implications for the pursuit of effective service delivery for the citizenry in any nation like Nigeria.

This paper examines the issue of Democratic governance and participatory budgeting in the context of their relevance, challenges and implications for the public sector finances and/or public spending and, the masses in Nigeria. It specifically focuses on the Nigerian experience/situation. The necessary interconnectedness among these concepts was identified and examined vis-à-vis the implications of such affinities for the people’s ability to understand where the ultimate powers over public policies in these respects abound.

Religious fundamentalism,following 9/11 attack in the United States, has a assumed new a dimension in Nigeria. The current wave of religious fundamentalism raises the concern whether Nigeria is a normless society or the problem of normlesness has been inherent in cultures and traditions of the Nigeria inhabitants before the arrival of Islam and Christianity. This paper argues that religion in the pre-colonial times was developed with the need to provide a world view for the people to understand themselves, and to direct collective consciousness toward achieving societal goals. The paper contends that the current wave of religious fundamentalism became fossilized through religious manipulation and politicization in the post colonial era. The paper concludes that unless our universal cultural norms and value are resorted to redirect behavioural attitude toward governance in Nigeria, religious fundamentalism would thrive on.

This paper introduces a flyback snubber to recycle the absorbed energy in the clamping capacitor. The flyback snubber can be operated independently to regulate the voltage of the clamping capacitor; therefore, it can clamp the voltage to a desired level just slightly higher than the voltage across the low-side transformer winding. Since the current does not circulate through the full-bridge switches, their current stresses can be reduced dramatically under heavyload condition, thus improving system reliability significantly.

It is investigated to verify the scalability aspects of the distributed engineering computation on the cloud computing. In the study, a parallel virtual machine program distributed over a network of cloud computers is used in solving a finite difference version of a typical complicated engineering differential equation. It is found that there exist a pseudo-optimal number of virtual machines, which does not necessarily coincide with the number of tasks and the pseudooptimal number depends on various overheads over the network of virtual machines. Increasing the number of machines in the cloud beyond certain threshold one does not improve computing performance due to the communication overhead between the task processes distributed over the network.

The essence of governance and representative democracy is for elected leaders to formulate and implement appropriate policies on behalf of the people to deal with the quagmires of poverty and under-development among them. In doing this, sometimes it becomes necessary to consult the people, especially, the particular group that a policy is targeted at, to ensure that first-hand and adequate information is gathered to facilitate the design and implementation of appropriate policies to deal with that group’s problems. In Ghana, since 1992, development plans have been formulated and implemented with little or no participation of the youth even though they constitute the bulk of the nation’s labour force and voting population. The youth were also marginalized in the formulation and implementation of the National Youth Employment Programme, a programme intended to benefit them and to deal with unemploymnt among them.

“The sole aim of any design optimization technique is price and performance. In case of fins the optimization of price is concerned with minimum material requirement with improved temperature drop in terms of performance“. In analytical or conventional optimization techniques, involved design parameters are related to each other in mathematical model, in form of ordinary/partial differential equation. If the design variables are such that they cannot be related mathematically then a mathematical model cannot be prepared and none of the classical design optimization techniques can be applied for solving the problem but Taguchi technique can account for such case. The application of mathematical optimization technique in case of fins involving parameters such as surface finish, effect of duct, bending, etc will be difficult to relate with the fins performance in a mathematical model. Over coming to this major limitation of classical techniques Taguchi method does not only account such variables but also provide robust optimization. Advantageously the method provides percent contribution of each variable/parameter for optimization of objective function.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate a summation formula based on half argument allied with Hypergeometric function and involving recurrence relation.

Studies were conducted for three beekeeping seasons (between 2009 and 2011) on 400 colonized hives sited in the two major vegetation zones of Nigeria. Direct counting of the number of sting babels deposited on the beekeepers kit by scout bees defending her colony was done during the period of routing inspection and harvesting of crops from selected colonies while swarming and abscondment of established colonies after the first visit was noted and recorded for each farm. Behaviourial variations of mellifera species from the forest and savannah vegetation zones of Nigeria revealed that majority (above 65%) of the honeybees were highly aggressive and none of the colonies in the country was stingless. The preponderance of the deposit of the sting babels by the scout bees in the nation was highly aggressive +++> aggressive ++ > less aggressive + >stinglessness –. Comparison of behaviourial variations of Apis mellifera colonies in Nigeria revealed that Abuja (31.3%), Adamawa (4.0%) and Osun (3.3%) States had the less aggressive species of honeybees while, both Kebbi (80.7%) and Ebonyi (79.7%) States recorded the highest percentages of sting babels deposition in the savannah and forest vegetation respectively.