This study was conducted to examine urban-rural migration in Delta State, Nigeria and its implication for extension service. Data were collected from 180 respondents who were purposively selected. It was discovered that most of the migrants were males, mostly in the age range of 50 years and above; mostly married and had one form of formal education or the other; had average household size of 6 persons. Most of them have spent 6-10years in the rural area and their migration was mostly prompted by retirement. The selected socio economic variables of the migrants had significant relationship with the decisions of the migrants to engage in agricultural activities. Implications of the findings for extension service include identifying and training the migrants on the current skills and technologies of agriculture, taking advantages of their level of exposure to make them opinion leaders and identifying them a year to their retirement and giving them training in agricultural enterprise of their choice for their post retirement life.

This article will discuss the history of religious tolerance, its definitions and experience of Malaysian society. The brief discussion of the history of toleration starts from the Cyrus the Great of Persia 500 years BCE until this century. Then it continues with the debate on the definitions of tolerance. The discussion follows by exploring everyday life of the Malaysian society in which it seems that there are contradictory situations happen in Malaysia. From one pole, there are evidence of a highly tolerated society, whereby from the other pole, the situation is totally opposite.

This work is aimed at developing a decision support system to improve the decision-making capacity of administrators of our case study (Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana) and other parties. The system will help them to develop their administrative skill in decision making and resource management programs. The development framework is divided into three levels that employed Web-based application at the data collection level for collection of student statistics which is the primary data. Database application was used at the Processing level to provide administrative utility for data flow control and storage while the output level depends on a spreadsheet application for summary and advisory purpose. The research though not yet completely explored, its benefits will aid in the general management of the school system.

In the urban environment due to the rapid rate of urbanization and industrialization, it needs proper planning, management and requires up-to date digital spatial information for multifaceted applications with higher accuracy. Digital photogrammetry provides maps and databases to support decision-making and futuristic planning as well as to access the utility services in urban areas for civilians well being. The objective of the study is to access the various urban utilities for civilian’s wellbeing and develop a 3D model of the area for planning and monitoring of Dahisar urban area of Mumbai City. Cadastral map (G F/15) and utility information from National Informatics Centre (NIC) has been used to assess household information with each building details. Aerial stereo pairs are used to generate 3D model after data processing and orthorectification by applying LPS software. Attribute data has been attached to each building as a separate layer by using ArcGIS software. Land use / land cover classification has been carried out to identify various utility services sectors like school, hospital, banks, public toilets, commercial area, bus stops etc. The utilities like school and bank are better towards western and south-western part. In Dahisar region, residential area dominates with respect to other type of land use. Hospital services are poor in Dahisar region and there is urgent need to establish some new hospitals in the area. Vertical growth of the city shows that 41% buildings in Dahisar region are above 30 meter height. 3D city model of the area gives the precise information of the area which can be used for urban planning and development.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissues, leading to bone fragility and, consequently, an increase in fracture risk [2-6]. Loss of bone mass occurs as part of the natural process of aging [4]. Bones naturally become thinner (called osteopenia) as one grows older, because existing bone is broken down faster than new bone is made. As this occurs, the bones lose minerals, heaviness (mass), and structure, making them weaker. With further bone loss, osteopenia develops into osteoporosis. The thicker bones are, the longer it takes to develop osteoporosis. Although osteoporosis can occur in men, it is most common in women older than age 65. Since osteoporosis can develop undetected for decades until a fracture occurs, early diagnosis is important [2].

A single feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. Two L slots are introduced at the edge of the patch to reduce the resonant frequency. The antenna size has been reduced by 71.14 % when compared to a conventional square microstrip patch antenna with a maximum of 48.56 MHz bandwidth and –30.6 dB return loss. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MoM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D. An extensive analysis of the return loss, radiation pattern and efficiency of the proposed antenna is shown in this paper. The simple configuration and low profile nature of the proposed antenna leads to easy fabrication and make it suitable for the applications in Wireless communication system. Mainly it is developed to operate in the WiMax frequency range of 2.5-2.69 GHZ & 3.2- 3.8 GHz.

The advent of the Internet has resulted in many new opportunities for the creation and delivery of content in digital form. Applications include electronic advertising, real-time video and audio delivery, digital repositories and libraries, and Web publishing. An important issue that arises in these applications is the protection of the rights of all participants. It has been recognized for quite some time that current copyright laws are inadequate for dealing with digital data. This has led to an interest towards developing new copy deterrence and protection mechanisms. One such effort that has been attracting increasing interest is based on digital watermarking techniques. Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into digital multimedia content such that the information (the watermark) can later be extracted or detected for a variety of purposes including copy prevention and control. Digital watermarking has become an active and important area of research, and development. Key research problem that we still face today is the development of truly robust, transparent and secure watermarking technique for different digital media including images, video and audio. So we propose a new robust digital watermarking system based on DCT and fuzzy vault techniques.

A Sensor is a device that reads the attribute and changes it into a signal that can be simply examined by an observer or instrument. Sensors are worked in daily objects like touch-sensitive elevator buttons, road traffic monitoring system and so on. Each sensor would carry distinctive capabilities to utilize. The objects obtained in the sensor are tracked by many techniques which have been presented earlier. The techniques which make use of the information from diverse sensors normally termed as data fusion. The previous work defined the object tracking using Multi-Phase Joint Segmentation-Registration (MP JSR) technique for layered images. The downside of the previous work is that the MP JSR technique cannot be applied to the natural objects and the segmentation of the object is also being an inefficient one. To overcome the issues, here we are going to present an efficient joint motion segmentation and registration framework with integrated layer-based and feature-based motion estimation for precise data fusion in real image sequences and tracking of interested objects. Interested points are segmented with vector filtering using random samples of motion frames to derive candidate regions. The experimental evaluation is conducted with real image sequences samples to evaluate the effectiveness of data fusion using integrated layer and feature based image segmentation and registration of motion frames in terms of inter frame prediction, image layers, image clarity.

Web page recommendation aims to predict the user’s navigation through the help of web usage mining techniques. Currently, researchers focus their attention to develop a web page recommendation algorithm using the well known pattern mining techniques. Here, we have presented a web page recommendation algorithm using weighted sequential patterns and markov model. To mine the weighted sequential pattern, we have modified the prefixspan algorithm incorporating the weightage constraints such as, spending time and recent visiting. Then, the weighted sequential patterns are utilized to construct the recommendation model using the Patricia trie-based tree structure. Finally, the recommendation of the current users is done with the help of markov model that is the probability theory enabling the reasoning and computation as intractable. For experimentation, the synthetic dataset is utilized to analyze the performance of W-Prefixspan algorithm as well as web page recommendation algorithm. From the results, the memory required for the W-prefixSpan algorithm is less than 50% of memory needed for PrefixSpan algorithm.

In this paper author has established six q-product identities, which are presumably new, and not available in the literature.