The study examined the determinants of climate change on cassava production in the study area. To achieve this main objective, the study identified the socio economic characteristics of the cassava farmers; identified the constraints faced by farmers in cassava production and finally determined the coping strategies adopted by cassava farmers in adjusting to the impact of climate change in cassava production. A well structured interview schedule was used in collecting data for the study and the data collected were based on the stated objectives of the study. There are ten cells in the block. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 18 respondents from each cell making a total number of ninety (90) as the sample size. Results of findings revealed that the mean age of the cassava farmers was 53.22 and most of the farmers had 7 members in their household. About 72.2% of the respondents were male and most of them had one form of formal education or the other. The result of findings revealed that a significant relationship was found between change of farmland (.295*) and the determinants of climate change. The major constraints faced by farmers in cassava production were lack of storage system and problem of pests and diseases. Therefore, the study recommends that storage facilities should be provided by government to cassava farmers and the cost of pesticides should also be subsidized in order to boost cassava production.

Ilorin is one of the major cities in Nigeria today and its growing capacity in both socio-economic affiliations is commendable. However, the city is potently polluted with heaps of refuse that are occasionally caused traffic hold-up in places in the urban centre. A lot of health incidence resulting from water, air and pest borne diseases are not uncommon within areas where prevalence of effluents prevailed. Current problems of poor waste management upon the government efforts is as a result of the potential impacts of climate change on the natural world, and with wide effects resulting from these changes has its implications in Ilorin city. This work examines the management of waste in city of Ilorin which has been the sole responsibility of the Kwara State Environmental Protection Agency (KWEPA) and other health management sectors. Worldly wise, there are evidences that climate change and its due,at least in part to human activities , gives rise to emissions of Green house gases (GHG,s) which invariably is disturbing the world (Wilby,2003). Over the last 100 years, the average temperature of the air near the Earth´s surface has risen a little less than 1° Celsius (0.74 ± 0.18°C, or 1.3 ± 0.32° Fahrenheit). Does not seem all that much? These changes could have significant impacts on a range of social, economic and environmental processes as well as waste management in the areas selected for this study. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were randomly distributed to member of households on wards basis in Ilorin. An addition of Fifty (50) questionnaires was also distributed to agencies that control and manage waste, while their contributions to waste control in the state were assessed. Suggestions were put forward for all to remain alert, and that in the future we may experience higher temperatures,extreme decay and more environmental problems except if proper precautions are taken.

A total of 9691 records of calves belonged to 3076 Holstein cowsand 58 sires were analyzed from 1995 to 1999 , at Nasr Dairy Cattle Station. The aim of the research is to evaluate sires geneticelly by using best linear unbiased prediction ( BLUP) according to the stillbirths of their daughters after adjusting for fixed effectsand to estimate heritability, phenotypic trendfor the mentioned trait.Data were analayzed by using General Linear Model withinSAS program to investigate the effect of some fixed factors ( season and year of calving, parity sex of calf ) on the stillbirths. Components of variance for the random effects in the employed mixed model were estimated by the Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MIVQUE) method.The Harvey program was also used to estimate BLUP values for sires. The overall mean of stillbirthswas 11.19% in primiparous, 8.69% in multiparous and 9.49% in both of them.Theeffect of all fixed factors was significant (P < 0.01 ) . Heritability of direct effectestimated for stillbirth rates in primiparous and multiparous and in both of them were 0.03 , 0.007 , 0.02 respectively ,whereas corresponding estimates of heritability of maternal effects were 0.04 .0.02 ,0.03 respectively. Phenotypic trend of stillbirths in primiparous was positive and non significant ( 0.19% / year) whereas negative and non-significant ( P < 0.05 ) (- 0.11%/year) in multiparous and in both of them (- 0.07%/year). Minimum and maximum BLUP values of siresfor stillbirths were 7.33 and 10.33% respectively.

Kenya has got a rapidly increasing population which was estimated to be 36 million in the year 2009 with a growth rate of 2.7 per annum hence the need for diversified food production. Water deficit is one of the most environmental stresses affecting agriculture productivity. Drought may affect crop yield and gas exchange at any developmental stage while early reproductive stage is found to be one of the most susceptible phases of a crop to drought stress. NERICA (New Rice for Africa) are high yielding rainfed rice varieties with early maturity and has shown high potential to revolutionize rice farming even in Africa’s stress afflicted ecologies. However, NERICA varieties vary in their response to water deficit. A pot experiment was conducted in 2009 at the Maseno University Botanic garden, to evaluate the responses of five NERICA varieties (NERICA1, NERICA 2, NERICA 3, NERICA 4 and NERICA 5) to water deficit during their vegetative or reproductive stage of their development. The response pattern of crop yield and gas exchange parameters to water deficit imposed at different growth stages might provide basis for selecting the most tolerant variety to water deficit in order to stabilize yield and solve food crisis. The treatments were; T1- irrigating the pots with a litre of water after every two days (Control), T2 -water deficit at vegetative stage in which water was withheld by irrigating the plants using one litre of water after every six days from 30-50 days after planting; T3-water deficit at reproductive stage in which water was withheld by irrigating the plants using one litre of water after every six days from 51-71 days after planting. Water deficit caused a significant reduction in gas exchange parameters and yield more at the reproductive stage as compared to water deficit at vegetative stage. The results indicate that NERICA 2 and 4 were tolerant as compared to NERICA 1, 3 and 5 to water deficit occurring at vegetative stage or reproductive stage because

This study investigated the growth trend of farmers’ groups in Delta State, Nigeria.Primarily data were collected from 77 respondents randomly selected from 20 randomly selected farmers’ groups, while secondary data were collected from 20 randomly selected farmer’s groups records. The Data were measured with the use of frequency counts and percentages, contingent tables and inferential statistics was analyzed with the use of ANOVA.Most of the groups experienced dwindling membership strength and decreased payment of monthly subscription fees.The individual members rarely had access to credit and cheap inputs.There was significant difference in membership strength in the period (2002-2011) under study.Implication for sustainable agricultural production and extension service was emphasized.It was recommended that extension agents should organize leadership training, at regular intervals, for the group leaders; leaders of the various groups should endeavour to disseminate information on any meeting to members adequately and early enough and extension agents should fix their meetings with group members’ participation.

This study investigated the effect of settlement patterns on cassava production in Delta State, Nigeria. A sample size of 250 cassava farmers was used for this study. Data were collected with use of questionnaire and analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages and mean derived from four Point Likert-type scale.The relationship between cassava production and the distances from the farmers’ home to their farms was tested with the use of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study revealed that the majority of farmers (77.2%) live in nuclear settlements, and as such affect their output, due to trekking long distances to their farms and lesser energy was used in the farm work, inadequate access to markets, and high cost of transporting farm produce, were major challenges facing the farm settlers. It was found that the farmers no longer practice dual residence due to security reasons. It is recommended that farmers should practice dual residence in order to have enough time for their crops and to reduce stress and waste of time during farming season. Extension agents should take into cognizance the settlement patterns of the farmers and design ways on how farm innovations can be disseminated to them.

The aim of this paper is to investigate how Arabic native speakers (non-native speakers of English) interpret English ambiguous sentences. It has been recognized that Arabic native speakers encounter problems with English sentences which involve structural ambiguity. Sixty subjects participated in the experiment. All were university students specialized in English. The subjects were given ambiguous sentences contain prepositional phrases, relative clauses, etc. For instance, prepositional phrases like ‘the girl hit the boy with the book’ in which the prepositional phrase (PP) can be attached either to the verb phrase (VP) or to the preceding noun phrase (NP). It has been recognized that the students face difficulty in interpreting ambiguous structure and generally take the general meaning which can be understood from the sequence of words.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between dividend policy and share price volatility in Pakistani stock market. The cross sectional regression is used to analyze the relationship of share price with dividend yield and payout ratio. The dividend yield and share prices are positively relate but payout ratio is negatively related. This study suggest that dividend policy is effect the share price volatility in Pakistan and this study also proposed that signaling effect is also relevant in determining the share price volatility.

WPA and WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access) is a certification program developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to indicate compliance with the security protocol created by the WiFi Alliance to secure wireless networks. The Alliance defined the protocol in response to several weaknesses researchers had found in the previous system: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). Many sophisticated authentication and encryption techniques have been embedded into WPA2 but it still facing a lot of challenging situations. In this paper we discuss the benefit of WPA2, its vulnerability & weakness .This paper also present solutions or suggestions which will improve Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) protocol.

This paper is based on Bangla (National Language of Bangladesh) Optical Character Recognition process for printed texts and its steps using Back Propagation Neural Network. Bangla character recognition is very important field of research because Bangla is most popular language in the Indian subcontinent. Pre-processing steps that follows are Image Acquisition, binarization, background removal, noise elimination, skew angle detection and correction, noise removal, line, word and character segmentations. In the post processing steps various features are extracted by applying DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) from segmented characters. The segmented characters are then fed into a three layer feed forward Back Propagation Neural Network for training. Finally this network is used to recognize printed Bangla scripts.