In a fresh and 14500 km used oil, viscosity, viscosity index, flash point, pour point, specific gravity, color, total acid number, total base number, water content, as well as concentrations of twenty four elements, were determined. The mineral baesd, gasoline motor oil Speedy SL, from Sepahan Oil Company was chosen for study. The physical properties were characterized by ASTM protocols. The elemental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) . The results indicate that after the application of fresh oil, both of the physical properties and elemental concentrations have been changed significantly. Possible reasons for the observed variations have been discussed.

A spectrophotometric study concerning the interaction between cryptand 222 as n-donor and TCNE as π- acceptor has been performed in di and tri chloromethane solutions at temperatures 5, 10, 15, and 20°c. The results of continuous variation and mole ratio methods indicate the formation of 1:1 complexes in both solvents and at all temperatures. The stability constants and the molar absorption coefficients at different temperatures have been calculated from the computer fitting of absorbance- mole ratio data in MATLAB soft ware. The results indicate that Kf values in CHCl3 are more than the corresponding amounts in CH2Cl2. In the case of Є, the reverse trend is observed. The H° and S° values were obtained by Vant Hoff method. The obtained data show that the enthalpy of complex formation in two solvents is favorable. While entropy is favorable in the case of CHCl3 and unfavorable in the case, of CH2Cl2. The possible reasons for such observation are discussed. The kinetic results confirm an overall second order reaction which is first order with regard to each reactant. The formation of free ions is rejected by the conductometric measurments

One of the challenging topics in image processing is extracting the shapes from noisy backgrounds. There are some methods for doing it from different kinds of noisy backgrounds. In this paper, we are going to introduce another method by using 4 steps to extract circular shapes from impulse noisy backgrounds. First step is applying median filter to disappear "salt and pepper" noise. This step causes edge smoothing. So, as the second step, a laplacian sharpening spatial filter should be applied. It highlights fine details and enhances the blurred edges. Using these two steps sequentially causes noise reduction in an impressive way. Third step is using Canny edge detection for segmenting the image. Its algorithm is talked during the paper. Finally, forth step is applying Circular Hough Transform (CHT) for detecting the circles in image. At the end of paper different use cases of this method is investigated.

This study examines the relationship between the residents‘ socio-economic status and their attitudes to the issue of security in their houses. It surveys the housing environments in the different residential zones of Ogbomoso, taking cognizance of physical devices adopted by residents for ensuring adequate protection of their lives and properties. The physical security devices examined include the presence of a perimeter fence, security gate, security gatehouse and employment of security guard/gateman. The incidence/employment and distribution of scores for these physical and human devices across the city are examined in relation to the socio-economic status of residents. The result shows a high incidence of security personel/devices among the residents with high socio-economic status; found mostly in the lower density residential zones of the city; and vise versa.

The student academic performance in Defence University College is of great concern to the higher technical education managements, where several factors may affect the performance. The student academic performance in engineering during their first year at university is a turning point in their educational path and usually encroaches on their general point average in a decisive manner. The students evaluation factors like class quizzes mid and final exam assignment are studied. It is recommended that all these correlated information should be conveyed to the class teacher before the conduction of final exam. This study will help the teachers to reduce the drop out ratio to a significant level and improve the performance of students. Statistics plays an important role in assessment and evaluation of performance in academics of universities need to have extensive analysis capabilities of student achievement levels in order to make appropriate academic decisions. Academic decisions will result in academic performance changes, which need to be assessed periodically and over span of time. The performance parameters chosen can be viewed at the individual student, department, school and university levels. Data mining is used to extract meaning full information and to develop significant relationships among variables stored in large data set/ data warehouse. In this paper is an attempt to using concepts of data mining like k-Means clustering, Decision tree Techniques, to help in enhancing the quality of the higher technical educational system by evaluating student data to study the main attributes that may affect the performance of student in courses.

Now a day, we need to look at a way to reduce the cost of building materials, particularly cement is currently so high that only rich people and governments can afford meaningful construction. Studies have been carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a broad range of materials as partial replacement materials for cement in the production of concrete. This study investigated the strength properties of Silica fume concrete. The specific gravity and chemical composition of silica fume and cement were replaced with micro silica from 0 to 25% in steps of 5% by weight, mix proportioning was based on 1:2:4 mix ratio. Cubes (150 x 150 x 150 mm) were produced and cured in a curing tank for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The cubes were subjected to compressive strength tests after density determination at 3,7,14 and 28 days respectively. The chemical composition and physical composition of micro silica and cement were determined. Ordinary Portland cement was replaced with silica fume. The total amount of Tricalcium aluminate in the cement was 7.7% and this was above the requirement. (Table 3.1 shows 3.5 max, Specified by BS12/EN196:1996),others chemical compositions for silica fume such as SiO2, moisture content, loss of ignition, carbon, > 45 micron, bulk density. Tables 3.1 were within the specified limit. Also % chemical composition and physical properties for SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3,CaO, MgO, SO3, Alkalis ( Na2O + 0.658K2O), loss of ignition (Lo1), insoluble residue (IR), Tricalcium, silicate, Dicalcium silicate, CaO / SiO2, chloride, fineness (Blaine air permeability test) in Cm2/g, soundness (mm) table 3.1 were in compliance with BS Standard. The density of the concrete decreased with increased in percentage of micro silica replacement up to 10%. Increase in the level of micro silica fume replacement between 15% to 25% led to a reduction in the compressive strength of hardened concrete (table 3.3) This study has shown that between 5 to 10% replacement levels, silica f

As more and more devices are equipped with multiple network interfaces, the multi-homed technology is becoming an important technology that can provide more reliable connection against the network failure and higher data transmission rate. A transport layer protocol supporting multihoming allows an application to transmit data via multiple paths simultaneously (termed concurrent multi-path transfer or CMT for short). SCTP is an IETF-supported transport layer protocol with built-in multi-homing capability. CMT can transmit data over multiple paths to maximize the data transmission speed. One of the main concerns of CMT is the receiver buffer blocking issue, especially in multi-homed wireless networks (IEEE 802.11).Given recent advances in multiple radio nodes, multi channel radios, and multi-path routing we believe that we will see more multi-homed nodes in the wireless networks context. This motivates us to study the SCTP-based CMT over wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate the throughput of the applications using the SCTPbased CMT over IEEE 802.11 static multi-hop wireless networks with simulations. In this paper, we also explained why an application over CMT has higher throughput compared to the ideal AppStripe application or an application over a single SCTP association in the MWN context.

Web application security is a critical issue. Security concerns are often scattered through different parts of the system. Aspect oriented programming is a programming paradigm that provides explicit mechanisms to modularize these concerns. In this paper we present a technique for detecting and preventing common attacks in web applications like Cross Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL Injection using an aspect oriented approach by analyzing and validating user input strings. We use an aspect to capture input strings and compare them to predefined patterns. The intrusion detection aspect is implemented in AspectJ and is woven into the target system. The resulting system has the ability to detect malicious user input and prevent SQL Injection and Cross Site Scripting. We present an experimental evaluation by applying it to an insecure web application. The results of our tests show that our technique was able to detect all the attempted attacks without generating any false positives.

Decline Curves are important tools employed in the petroleum production industry to establish a good production performance forecast of production wells. Studies have shown that neither hyperbolic nor exponential decline could accurately produce dependable forecast results, which in turn affects the various economic decisions being made on both investment and future production processes. New simplified models for decline curve analysis are developed. The models are applicable to naturally producing wells that have not been secondarily enhanced. These models use exponential decline to extrapolate hyperbolic decline behaviour in making future production performance forecasts. Estimating different needed parameters and engaging some assumptions, the forecasted cumulative production increment using the model is . This compares favourably with the existing models.

This paper investigates intra-trade and welfare effects for Iran and D-8 countries preferential trade agreement by reviewing the possibility of comprehensive trade liberalization through expanding coverage of preferential tariff reduction. A quantitative analysis is applied for economic effects of a free trade arrangement between Iran and other contracting countries. An important objective of this research is to appraise evidence of significant gains in intra-trade and welfare amongst Iran and D-8 countries when tariff barriers and enhancement measures are dismantled. Therefore, this study uses indices in international trade as an input into the process of evidence-based policymaking in the area of trade policy for D-8 countries.