Sand particles present in the fluid flows extracted from oil wells causes many problems for oil and gas production companies. Collision of sand particles to the wall of oil transfer pipes and process equipment reduces wall thickness which is considered as a cause of erosion. One of the consequences of this problem is frequent failures and loss of valuable production time. Bends installed in the path of oil and gas pipelines are at risk of such erosion as mentioned. This paper is a study of computational fluid dynamics to predict erosion in the bend geometry. It uses Lagrangian approximation which includes modeling of continuous flow of fluid, Lagrangian particle tracking and calculation relating to erosion. In this work, the effect of various parameters such as flow velocity, particle diameter, and bend geometry and particle-fluid density ratio on the particle motion and consequently erosion resulting from the collision of particle to bend wall is studied.

This article considers a two-commodity continuous review inventory system at a service facility, wherein an item demanded by a customer is issued after performing service on the item. The service facility is assumed to have a finite waiting hall. The arrival time points of customers form a Poisson process. A customer with probability p and a negative customer with probability q = ( l – p ) , ( 0 ≤ p ≤ l ) .An ordinary customer, on arrival, joins the queue and the negative customer does not join the queue and takes away one waiting customer if any. The life time of each item and service time are assumed to have independent exponential distribution. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the system and the inventory level is obtained in the steady state. Various system performance measures in the steady state are derived. The results are illustrated numerically.

In this article, we define and study the concepts of strongly 􀀋 􀀋􀁕 􀀌 􀀌 􀁏 􀀧 - summable and 􀀋 􀀌 􀀋􀁕 􀀌 􀁏 􀀧 - statistical convergence of sequence of fuzzy numbers for several relations among them.

Exploring new feedstocks for biodiesel production is now receiving widespread attention world-over. This paper presents experimental results on properties of celerocarya birrea plant oil. Chemical properties analysis of birrea plant oil were performed using gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer, while the engine performance tests were conducted on a variable compression ignition engine. Parameters such as fuel consumption, engine torque and engine brake power were recorded at different engine loads for pure diesel fuel and birrea plant oil. The experimental results indicate that birrea plant oil offer immense potential as both fuel and feedstock for biodiesel production. The performance characteristics of ignition compression engine using birrea plant oil indicate that the optimum compression ignition engine occurs at 60% engine load. Similarly, the results revealed that variations in specific fuel consumption recorded for diesel fuel (D100) and birrea plant oil (BPO) between 30% and 60% show no significant difference for the fuels under review.

Population size and growth continue to be the paramount issues regarding sustainable development in India, notwithstanding the fact that the Indian economy has grown by a little over 5 percent during the last two decades compared to the population growth of about 2 per cent during the same period. The reason is that the Malthusian concern has been the core of Indian policy planning thinking. This has while perpetuated the belief that population growth is the immediate culprit of high poverty and environmental degradation, demographic issues such as distribution of Population, age composition, migration and urbanization are being neglected in the planning for sustainable development. The paper highlights the lack of integration of comprehensive demographic issues with sustainable development planning in India and explores the political economy reasons for lopsided consideration of demographic issues in sustainable development planning during the last five decades since independence.

Assam is enriched with Petroleum MineralResources. Out of the total 25 Oil Blocks of India,15 Blocks are located in Assam. It holds about20% of the indigenous Crude reserves and 23% of thetotal Natural Gas(NG) Reserves of India. If the saidResources are explored and utilized properly, the statewill be able to register itself as a developed state.Unfortunately, due to improper utilization of theResources, the state remains poor. The Per CapitaIncome of Assam was recorded at Rs. 27,197.00 onlyagainst Rs. 46,492.00 of India’s National Average PerCapita Incomein the year 2009-10. the investment andproduction scenario in oil sector is so poor that, thestate is producing only 14% of the total indigenouscrude production and 7% of the total indigenous NaturalGas ( NG ) Productionin spite of having 23% of totalCrude Reserves and 21% of total NG of India. On thebasis of the Reserve status, the Production of NG ofAssam may be increased to 21.0 Billion Cubic Metersagainst the current production of 3.38 Billion CubicMeters p.a. A

Differential subordination and superordination results are obtained for analytic functions in the open unit disk which are associated with Cho-Kwon-Srivastava operator. These results are obtained by investigating appropriate classes of admissible functions. Some of the result established in this paper would provide extensions of those given in earlier works.

Worldwide transport sector alone releases billion tonnes of excessive carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through tail pipe emissions thereby causing serious threat to global warming. It is also leading to fast depletion of hydrocarbon fuel. On account of such challenges, continued researches are being carried out to supplement the energy by renewable resources and alternate energy to sustain hydrocarbon fuel. Now a days the major thrusts are being laid upon the utilization of wind energy, hydropower, tidal and nuclear power generation. Simultaneously efforts are also made towards storage of the energy and appropriate conversion system and its better utilization. This paper focuses on study of some energy storage and energy conversion systems. Special focus is laid on use of compressed atmospheric air as a viable alternative energy source. Such energy storage system can be used as clean energy source as zero pollution sources, and help in mitigating the global warming.

The aim of this research is to obtain the fracture characteristics of low and medium compressive strength notched and un-notched plain self compacting concrete (SCC) beams, using RILEM work of fracture (GF ) methods and compare with those of normal concrete (NC) and high performance concrete (HPC), which is useful in engineering practice. The effect of notch-depth ratio on fracture characteristics of SCC beams, in bending is investigated by measuring the fracture energy (GF ), critical stress intensity factor (KIC), critical energy release rate (Gc) and characteristic length (lch). The results show that: (i) GF increases with increase in compressive strength; (ii) The values of characteristic lengths of SCC (lch) are more when compared with HPC and NC and therefore may be concluded that the SCC with air-entraining admixture (AEA) is more ductile compared to HPC.

In the present work the copolymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) with propylene oxide (PO) uses proton exchanged Montmorillonite clay as initiator is reported. The effects of the amounts of Maghnite -H+ and the temperature on the synthesis of poly (ε-caprolactone-co- propylene oxide) were studied. The copolymer obtained was characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.