Deemed as depictions of dejection intermingled with penetrative multiaccentuality, nothingness, and murkiness, Beckett’s multilayered texts lead the mind of the reader/observer into a deadlock in rendering a plausible connotation camouflaged in their sub-texts. As a result, the paradoxical and baffling amalgamation of simplicity and complexity in his works keeps the readers and pundits captivated in the fanciful web of the text. Expectedly, this delusive feature has tantalized a bumper crop of articles to mark Beckett down as a paragon of absurdism and atheism over the past few decades. However, by ploughing new fields and charting new territories of his works, we can redefine and re-delineate Beckett’s ideologies as non-absurdist and theist and ultimately he himself as an absurdistic writer rather than an absurdist author. Contrary to the mainstream impression of hermeneutists about Beckett’s rationalizations that are fallaciously thought to be absurd and purposeless, his argumentations of absurdity are not a stymie to propagandize absurdism, but an initiative to actuate our consciousness to eschew our absurd life in order to lead us to a new sphere of reality and meaning. Therefore, this paper is to underpin the above-mentioned avowals by re-introducing Beckett as a crusader against absurdity and mental stagnation through a comparative review of Rough for Theatre I and II.

Ambedkar viewed democracy as an instrument of bringing about change peacefully. Democracy does not merely mean rule by the majority or government by the representatives of the people. This is a formalistic and limited notion of democracy. Like many other national leaders Ambedkar had complete faith in democracy.Ambedkar made ceaseless efforts for the removal of untouchability and the material progress of untouchables. From 1924 onwards, he led the movement of untouchables till the end of his life. He firmly believed that the progress of the nation could not be realized without first removing untouchability. Ambedkar held the view that the removal of untouchability was linked to the abolition of the caste system and that it could be only by discarding the religious notions from the basis of the caste system. Therefore, in the course of his analysis of the caste system, he examined the Hindu religious philosophy and criticized it. He did this boldly, often facing strong resentment from the orthodox Hindus.This paper attempts to investigate Ambedkar’s thought on democracy and removal of untouchability. For this the researcher discuss about social and economic democracy, factors necessary for the successful operation of democracy, removal of untouchability, self-respect among untouchables and some of the important factors like education, economic progress, political strength, conversion.

Ways are sought after, to prevent overlying target material on membrane from breaking or melting, by simulating structures (using COMSOL 3.4 Multiphysics software) of various materials. Results of these simulations and graphs (using Origin 7.5 software) are presented. The implications conferred by these graphs on the report are discussed. Power densities, of impinging electrons, thermal conductivities and thickness of membrane are considered as key parameters for optimal performance.

A rotating membrane is assumed to be a rotating disc and appropriate speed of rotation is a key consideration if the material in question must survive the heat flux imparted on it by impinging beam of electrons. 1μm hot spots are assumed to be distributed on the target material such that a circular pattern is formed according to figure 1 .

A hypothesis is proposed concerning the cause of the origin of universal gravitation. This cause consists in a system of the ether vortex rotations. Physical and mathematical grounds are described and the formula for the determination of the space gravitation forces is deduced. On the basis of the vortex gravitation, the principles of creation and existence of the celestial bodies are shown. Methods of the use of the vortex gravitation properties for the space flight projection are proposed.

In this paper we have studied the static-characteristics of InAs/AlGaAs broadband selfassembled quantum-dot laser diodes (SAQD-LDs) solving the rate equations numerically using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Energy level, size, and composition distributions of the InAs/AlGaAs broadband quantum-dots (QDs) are considered and their effects on Staticcharacteristics are investigated. Simulated results of static-characteristics show that nonlinearity appears in light-current characteristics whereas homogeneous broadening (HB) becomes equal to inhomogeneous broadening (IHB). Slope-efficiency increases as the HB heightens up to the IHB. Exceeding the HB from IHB results in degradation of light-current characteristics. In fact, InAs/AlGaAs broadband SAQD-LD has the best performance when HB is equal to IHB. Lightcurrent characteristics degrade and threshold current increases as the IHB enhances. We also investigate the effects of QD coverage on the laser performance and show that there is an optimum QD coverage in which the SAQD-LD operates with lowest possible threshold current and maximum output power as whatever the QD coverage enhances from that optimum amount, the threshold current increases and slope efficiency decreases.

In this research we have solved the rate equations for InAs/AlGaAs broadband selfassembled quantum dot (QD) laser with considering the homogeneous broadening (HB) and inhomogeneous broadening (IHB) of the linear optical gain using fourth order Runge-Kutta method. We show that enhancing the injected current results in improving the dynamic characteristics, and increasing the steady-state photons, and show that with increase of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of HB, the threshold current, turn-on delay and steady-state photons increase. Our calculation results also show that the simulated broadband selfassembled QD laser does not reach the complete steady-state when HB is near or equal to IHB.

Industrial towns play an eminent role in industrial expansion of the region and the country (Iran). Moreover, these units increase the rates of employment. Industrial authorities and custodians have established many basic systems and services in these towns. Despite the existence of infrastructural facilities (such as water, electricity, gas, green field sites etc.) in Ardabil industrial towns, most of industrial units have stopped their activities or their activities are not continuous. The aim of this research is to study the reasons for failures of some industrial units in industrial towns of Ardabil province and to suggest some surveying procedures for decreasing these failures. The hypotheses of this research include difficulties affecting some of industrial units in industrial towns of Ardabil province which taken from research literature. The selected tool for testing research hypothesis was questionnaire, which included 30 questions related to designed hypotheses. These questionnaires were distributed among statistical population (production and business administrators of the industrial units, which stopped their activities). We used one-sampled T-test for testing of hypotheses, and Friedman’s test for classifying of hypotheses. The results of hypotheses testing showed that some factors likeoutlet problems, difficulty in reimbursing of received facilities concerning primary investment, working capitals, and technological problems are effective in inactivity of Ardabil industrial units.

The research is conducted to explore working women’s conditions in government organizations. For this purpose a sample of women employees working in government organization were taken from Gilgit city. A sampleof 50 working women was taken from government organization in Gilgit city. The age group of selected sample ranged between 20-49 years. The qualification of the respondents was usually under-graduate and graduate, the working experience of the sample range between 1-25 years.The research is descriptive in nature and it describesthe conditions of working women in govt. organization of Gilgit city. The collected data reveals that 38% women agree with gender policy and 62% do not agree. Variant views are found about issues like female employees face harassment at work place. This statement is supported by 26% female employees while 74% working women are against the statement, pick and drop facility for female staff is supported by 86% on the other hand 14% working women does not want to avail this facility.Finding indicates that inequality with women or lack of opportunities for women in job market is a serious issue. This research shows that female employees face many difficulties in Govt. organization such as discriminatory gender policy, lack of trainings, pick and drop facility, even in some organization female employees don’t have separate toilets. Almost all organization did not have day care centre for children’s of working women, Timings are inflexible for female employees. Lack of appreciation for their work, internet facilities at work place, lack of official accommodation and cafeteria facility are the major concerns of working women of northern areas of Pakistan.

Information is a public good which must not be denied anyone regardless of socioeconomic status or political affiliation. However, some groups of individuals such as political refugees are underserved with this essential commodity. This paper presents an assessment of information need and information provision to refugees in Oru camp, Ogun state, Nigeria. The paper includes a review of some library and information services to refugees in Myanmar and Zambia and concludes with proposal for library and information services to the refugees.