The child malnutrition is widely viewed in slums of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The incidence of underweight and stunting is higher among female as compare to male. The undernourishment among children is related to parent’s education and health status. Media exposure and health care access is low among women. Most of the women are working as unskilled labors in suburbs. Child care does not exist across the slums. The women have to keep children at home, relatives or neighbors. Most of the undernourished children have cough, cold, fever and diarrhea. But few children are treated in public health care facilities. The logistic regression shows that underweight among children is negatively co-related with age, mothers normal BMI, ANC and anganwadi food. Stunting is negatively co-related to age, mother’s secondary school, per capita income, ANC, normal delivery and anganwadi food.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has type-1 & type 2. So in diabeties type-2 is very severe disease which creates complications and effect on various part of body. Most sensitive part of body is Eye which is affected by DM responsible in progression of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). DR is a slowly effects on eye & come to focus when the changes on the retina have progressed to a level at which treatment turns complicate, so an early diagnosis and referral to an ophthalmologist or optometrist for the management of this disease can prevent 98% of severe visual loss. The aim of this work is to automatically identify Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), and Background Retinopathy using fundus images. Our results show a classification accuracy of 92%, with sensitivity and specifity of 95%.

For the thirty-nine million, who live in Sudan, environmental pollution is a major concern; therefore industry, communities, local authorities and central government, to deal with pollution issues, should adopt an integrated approach. Most polluters pay little or no attention to the control and proper management of polluting effluents. This may be due to a lack of enforceable legislation and/or the fear of spending money on the treatment of their effluent prior to discharge. Furthermore, the imposed fines are generally low and therefore do not deter potential offenders. The present problems that are related to water and sanitation in Sudan are many and varied, and the disparity between water supply and demand is growing with time due to the rapid population growth and aridity. The situation of the sewerage system in the cities is extremely critical, and there are no sewerage systems in the rural areas.