Occupational injuries have a major impact on public health and exact a huge toll in the workplace. Annually throughout the world, it is estimated that ∼300 000 people die from 250 million accidents that occur in the workplace (who 1999). However, efforts towards investigation of determinants among carpet thread factory workers are very minimal in developing countries including India. The aim of the study was to identify determinants of occupational injury among workers in carpet thread factory of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh state, India and to assess the different protective measures used during working day to prevent the different hazards. The sample consisted of 650 carpet thread factory included 310 workers (cases) and 340 non workers (controls).All the respondents were interviewed by a pretested questionnaire regarding occupational injury status within Eighteen month period (May 2007 to November 2008).