Actually nanotechnology is a very broad area of study and research at present. It has been developed by many researchers and includes several fields of study like physics, chemistry, biology, material science, engineering and computer science. In this paper, we explore the development and advancement of nanotechnology which provides ample opportunity to develop a smaller, faster and reliable computer. In this paper, we are mainly concerned with top down approach and bottom up fabrication approach of nanotechnology that directly affects modern computer design and architecture.