This paper is the expansion and updating from researching of Bui and Kobayashi (2011), it was studied on the economic structure of the I-O table 2007 and supply and use tables, 2010 (SUT 2010 update), and the actual nominal tax rate for the years 2005-2011. By using effective rate of protection (ERP) concept, the study provides analysis of the current tariff structure in order to estimate the structural change of ERP by goods sectors, and the impact of trade barriers (through tariff) in the Vietnam’s economy. Economic indicators as ERP, OM (output multipliers) and BL (backward linkage) calculating from the I/O model are used to assess the effectiveness of industries. The recommendations on Vietnam trading policies are then suggested.