Sheko breed is one of the Ethiopian indigenous cattle breeds which represents the last remnants of Africa’s original Bos taurus cattle that were probably the first to be domesticated in eastern Africa. The geographical distribution of Sheko cattle is mainly restricted to Bench Maji Zone and partly in the adjoining parts of Kaffa and Shaka Zones of south west Ethiopia. The breed is valued for its milk yield, adaptation and exhibit superior trypanotolerance than any other indigenous cattle populations found in Ethiopia. Despite the unique chatarcterers and attributes of the breed, there is a shrinkage in effective population size of the breed. The population estimate of the breed by the year 1999 was about 31,000, However, another estimates by the year 2007 indicated that the population size declined to 4040 a more recenet estimates reported the population of the breed as low as 2400 heads.