In this present work a study about influence of the Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in the cylinder upon the performance and emission of a single cylinder diesel direct injection engine is presented. In order to achieve good swirl intensity in the cylinder, a grooved brass piston with 9 grooves with Diamond mesh cut configuration on the piston crown is selected. With this modification turbulence in the combustion chamber is enhanced. Also in the present work, performance of the engine is done with diesel along with 10%, 15% and 20% EGR, with 9 grooved piston (GP) with Diamond mesh cut configuration.