The role of syntactic priming is one central topic in language acquisition research. The paper is to investigate the role of syntactic priming in language acquisition. In this context, the paper firstly reviews the related study on the role of syntactic priming in language acquisition. Then further studies on the relationship between syntactic priming and lexical structure are made. Following this, syntactic priming effect on self-embedded sentences is evaluated and extended in second language complex sentence comprehension. Finally, a number of conclusions are drawn with respect to the role of syntactic effect on complex second language sentence comprehension.