Purpose: to apply, analyze and discuss the results of the Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) in two groups of elderly people with hearing loss, consistent with presbycusis, who wear hearing aids, but are in different socioeconomic and cultural levels. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study. The study included 85 elderly people with presbycusis, divided into: Group A (those in a higher cultural socioeconomic level); and Group B (subjects with less favored socioeconomic cultural status). All participants responded to a specific interview, underwent pure tone audiometry for air and bone conduction and underwent a Random Gap Detection Test. Results: the group with higher socioeconomic and cultural status responded significantly better to the test, while the less favored group had significant difficulties in understanding the purpose of the test. Conclusion: The RGDT seems to be influenced by socioeconomic and cultural issues. We suggest caution in its use in disadvantaged cultural and socioeconomic populations.