This article focuses on the possibility of reducing poverty from an external source of finance as ODA, the example given is that of Cameroon. The purpose of this paper is to check the behavior of poverty in the presence of official development assistance. The data used come mainly from the World Bank, in "the book of world development indicators" on the CD -ROM (WDI 2014). Working for the period 1980-2013, the analysis was made with an error correction model. The endogenous variable is the average per capita income. Estimates made from the method of Johansen (1988), it appears that official development assistance has no effect on the level of poverty in Cameroun. The transformation of official development assistance in real gift would help to avoid the increasing indebtedness and thus reduce poverty.