A Gender Perspective of the Status of Water and Sanitation Landscape in East African Universities.

Kebirungi, Harriet., Kabonesa, Consolata., Kimwaga, Richard .Joseph., Majaliwa, Jackson-Gilbert Mwanjalolo., LuboobiS. Livingstone.

Volume 15 Issue 4

Global Journal of Human-Social Science

Access and utilization of adequate water supply and sanitation facilities is high on the agenda of both International, national, and local communities including East African Universities (EAUs). Despite global demand for higher education characterized with increased male and female enrolment, the current levels of access and utilization to water supply and sanitation facilities remain largely inadequate and gendered in EAUs. Among the contributing factors is limited gender scholarship to question the causes of gender inequalities in access and utilization of water and sanitation facilities in universities including selected EAUs. This paper aims to explore the gender responsiveness of access and utilization of water and sanitation facilities and to ascertain the underlying gendered causes of the current status of water and sanitation facilities in EAUs. The paper adopted crosssectional gender focused study design. A total of 701 respondents were interviewed at both Makerere and Dar es salaam Universities. Qualitative gender disaggregated data was collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and follow up site visits for observations. Water and sanitation facilities were georeferenced and analysed using geo-statistics techniques and Euclidian distance in ArcGIS 10.1. Gender concerns were captured both in access and utilization modeling gender related criteria in the reclassification of the number of toilet per person. Strong evidence indicates that EAUs are gendered and exhibit severe deficiencies in water and sanitation facilities. Major contributing factors of the observed deficiencies in water and sanitation facilities were lack of gender focused research, rapid increment of student enrollment, lack of water and sanitation policies and prioritization, decline in government support associated with liberalization and expansion of universities among others. Based on these findings, there is need to improve and engender the current