In the framework of the project “Water Resource for Economic Growth and Sustainable Development: Theories and African and Middle East Experiences” funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant member II3.2- 2013.37, the principle investigator and key research members have carried out studying, calculating and analyzing the water supply and demand to define potential, real status of water exploitation and usage for economic development in Vietnam. The study has been pointed out that due to abundant water resource, Vietnam has huge advantages for economic development, especially for agriculture and tourism, but wrong awareness of infinite water resource availability has caused a lot of great losses for economic development.