The Sahelian West Africa (Long 20W:20E, Lat 0:30N) by its climatological and geographical conditions is a key region for the characterization of global atmospheric aerosol optical properties. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal variation of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD440nm), aerosol particle size characterization (Angstrom exponent (α440-675nm) at four locations (Agoufou, Banizoumbou, Cape Verde and Ilorin) over a period of January 2005 to December 2009. Results of the day-to-day AOD440nm variations as well as the seasonal and annual variations are presented in order to establish the aerosol climatology in the region. We compared satellite derived data of Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer - Aerosol Index (TOMSAI), MODIS (Terra and Aqua) with those of ground-based Sunphotometer AERONET measurements. In general, there exits good relationship between MODIS (Terra and Aqua) and the ground-based AERONET measurements with correlation coefficients, R2 › 0.8 reported in all stations. However low coefficients (as low as 0.40) were obtained in all the stations for regressions between TOMS AI and ground-based Sunphotometer AERONET data.