In recent days, the advances in the broadcasting of multimedia contents in digital format motivate to protect this digital multimedia content form illegal use, such as manipulation, duplication and redistribution. However, watermarking algorithms are designed to meet the requirements of different applications, because, various applications have various requirements. This paper intends to design a new watermarking algorithm with an aim of provision of a tradeoff between the robustness and imperceptibility and also to reduce the information loss. This approach applies Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) instead of conventional floating point wavelet transforms which are having main drawback of round of error. Then the most popular artificial intelligence technique, particle swarm optimization (PSO) used for optimization of watermarking strength. The strength of watermarking technique is directly related to the watermarking constant alpha. The PSO optimizes alpha values such that, the proposed approach achieves better robustness over various attacks and an also efficient imperceptibility. Numerous experiments are conducted over the proposed approach to evaluate the performance. The obtained experimental results demonstrates that the proposed approach is superior compared to conventional approach and is able to provide efficient resistance over Gaussian noise, salt & pepper noise, median filtering, cropping, rotation, contrast enhancement, scaling and Histogram Equalization attacks.

Background: Intention to leave a job negatively affects the quality of work in the form of withdrawal, declining participation, absenteeism, avoidance behavior and result in decreased performance ultimately. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Horo Guduru Wollega zone, northwest Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The study participants were full time health professionals holding diploma and above qualification. The sample size for quantitative study was determined using single population proportion formula by considering the proportion of health workers intention to leave of 83.7% from study conducted in Yirgalem and Hawassa ,southern Ethiopia, 95 % confidence level and 0.05 margin of error.

KMS usage can hold considerable benefits for organizations, unless users are willing to use the system. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to identify the Knowledge Management System (KMS) components in the KMS Model proposal for Organization environment. This SLR answered both research questions and the KMS usage components will be referring in the future study to verify the effectiveness of the components to be the good example for KMS. A SLR of KMS Usage to identify and define the components of KMS Usage from the KMS models and framework was conducted recently. 200 articles included in the literature review were extracted based on the exclusion criteria and only retained 57 related reviews. The review of published papers of conference and journals’ articles shows the components of KMS usage are basically divided into three factors which is people factor, process and organizational factor, and the technology factor.

Video stabilization is an important video enhancement technology which aims at removing annoying shaky motion from videos. In this paper, we propose an robust and efficient video stabilization algorithm based on inter-frame image matching score. Firstly, image matching is performed by a method combining Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) detection algorithm and Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) corner detection algorithm, which can get the matching score and the motion parameters of the frame image. Then, the matching score is filtered to filter out the high frequency component and keep the low frequency component. And the motion compensation is performed on the current frame image according to the ratio of the matching score before and after the filtering to retain the global motion and remove the local jitter. Various classical corner detection operators and region matching operators are compared in experiments. And experimental results illustrate that the proposed method is effective to stabilize translational, rotational, and zooming jitter and robust to local motions, and has the state-of-the-art processing speed to meet the needs of real-time equipment.

Salinity is a complication towards evolving a sustainable food production system and habitat management throughout globe. Such problem has its origin from marine, geological and anthropogenic activities. Nature and properties of salinity has been reviewed on global extent with a view to its management in this regard.

There is currently a need for a review of the definition and methodology of determining sustainable yield. The reasons are: (1) current definitions and concepts are ambiguous and non-physically based so cannot be used for quantitative application, (2) there is a need to eliminate varying interpretations and misinterpretations and provide a sound basis for application, (3) the notion that all groundwater systems either are or can be made to be sustainable is invalid, (4) often there are an excessive number of factors bound up in the definition that are not easily quantifiable, (5) there is often confusion between production facility optimal yield and basin sustainable yield, (6) in many semi-arid and arid environments groundwater systems cannot be sensibly developed using a sustained yield policy particularly where ecological constraints are applied. Derivation of sustainable yield using conservation of mass principles leads to expressions for basin sustainable, partial (nonsustainable) mining and total (non-sustainable) mining yields that can be readily determined using numerical modelling methods and selected on the basis of applied constraints. For some cases there has to be recognition that the groundwater resource is not renewable and its use cannot therefore be sustainable. In these cases, its destiny should be the best equitable use. We suggest using the term Managed Yield as an alternative to Sustainable Yield to clarify the ambiguity among stakeholders.