Histopathological changes in different tissues induced by sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos in Heteropneustes fossilis was highly reflected in the present study. Fishes were exposed to both low (1/50th of LC50) and high concentration (1/10th of LC50) doses of chlorpyrifos for duration of 30 days. Several histopathological alternations were observed in the tissue section. Gradual degenerative changes in different organs observed were disorganization of hepatic cords, necrosis with complete loss of hepatocytes at many places, swollen gill lamellae, pyknosis of nuclear structures in many necrotic cells, vacuolation and loss of glomerular structures in kidneys and atrophy on the villi structure in the treated fish. The histopathological alterations were found to be dose dependent as the cellular alterations were more pronounced with the higher concentration of the chemicals.

Skeletal muscles are a heterogeneous group of tissues categorized into different fiber types.1 These fibers are divided into slow-twitch type 1 and fast-twitch type 2 fibers, which are identified by their expression of specific myosin heavy chain isoforms.5,7,9 The predominance of type 2 muscle fibers has been observed in various diseases involving skeletal muscle such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hyperthyro-idism, and type 2 muscle fiber predominance.2,4 Type 2 muscle fiber predominance is a rare muscular disease whose primary manifestations include proximal muscle weakness, exertional myalgia, fasciculations, and episodes of prolonged painful muscle cramping.3,4 These symptoms eventually led our patient to be wheel-chair bound with subsequent disuse muscle atrophy. In this case we describe a patient with type 2 muscle fiber predominance, the progression of his disease, and his experience in our inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Erosion by water, at a global scale, is the main soil degradation process in agricultural areas. Raindrops are among the major soil-detaching agents, and the kinetic energy of falling rain has an important influence on erosion intensity. The aim of this study was to fabricate a Morgan Splash cup and to determine the kinetic energy and amount of soil splashed by raindrops using the splash cup. Three locations were chosen for this study (Agricultural Engineering Demonstration farm (A), e – learning centre (B) and campus two(C)). The result of this study showed that soil splashed was higher in campus 2 with a value of 7 g/m2. The mean soil splashed for the three locations are 1.78, 0.53 and 2.20 g/m2 for field A, B and C respectively. The soil splashed is observed to increase with increased Kinetic Energy of rainfall. Thus, the greater the rainfall and Kinetic Energy, the greater the soil splashed. It is therefore recommended that studies of splash erosion on cultivated land should be carried out to determine the effect of cultivation on the soil in the area.

Document categorization has become an emerging technique in the field of research due to the abundance of documents available in digital form. In this paper we propose language dependent and independent models applicable to categorization of Telugu documents. India is a multilingual country; a provision is made for each of the Indian states to choose their own authorized language for communicating at the state level for legitimate purpose. The availability of constantly increasing amount of textual data of various Indian regional languages in electronic form has accelerated. Hence, the Classification of text documents based on languages is crucial. Telugu is the third most spoken language in India and one of the fifteen most spoken language n the world. It is the official language of the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. A variant of k-nearest neighbors algorithm used for categorization process. The results obtained by the Comparisons of language dependent and independent models.

Reservoir simulation is an important tool that can be used to simulate as well as predict production from shale reservoirs. The type of reservoir simulation model used, is significant in this process. Black-oil and compositional simulators can be used for reservoir simulation. Blackoil simulations are easier and less time-consuming than compositional simulations. However, how accurate are black-oil simulation results compared to compositional simulation results? Can we afford to jeopardize the accuracy of production forecasts by using easier and less timeconsuming reservoir simulation methods? Can the results be trusted to some extent? Singlephase and two-phase black-oil simulation results as well as compositional simulation results were analyzed and compared in this article.

African literary discourse has shown its inherent aesthetics by giving meaning to its contents. This aesthetics revolves around the experiences of Africans as a people, which include among others, their environment, culture, socio-political and economic marginalization. Dreams from the Creeks is aesthetically structured to resonate the many unheard voices of the downtrodden people of the Niger Delta who have been suffering from political and economic deprivation over the decades, coupled with the environmental degradation resulting from oil exploration and exploitation. The language is expressed to effectively portray the lifestyle of the people thus adding beauty to an emotive discourse as a way of giving an explicit meaning to the contents as a way of soothing the psychological pain inflicted on their psyche. As a Romantic poetry, it expresses the nostalgia of human being as a result of man’s dislocation from Nature, or better still, mother Earth.

SNS (social networking services) is an important platform for Internet users to get knowledge and information, and users can share messages mutually via this platform. This kind of sharing can make user exchange and gain useful information to benefit themselves. However, in recent years, the crisis of stickness has appeared in SNS, which raised the attention of the social network industry. Relevant professionals explain that most users may gradually reduce the interest of sharing knowledge on SNS websites and applications and then give it up because the platforms utilize simple and uninterested methods to attract the users to participate actively on them. But factors influencing the knowledge sharing on SNS websites and applications should be identified clearly through researches. Sina Weibo is one of the largest SNS platforms in the world, and the researches on the factors influencing the knowledge sharing of users could be valuable for the issue.

It is against the background of continuous unguided residential landuse transition evident in Nigeria Urban centres with its associated spatial dimension and environmental implications that this paper evaluates the spatio-environmental dimension of residential landuse change along Taiwo road in Ilorin metropolis with the aim of preferring recommendations that will aid the achievement of sustainable urbanisation. To achieve this, 90 questionnaires were administered to respondents in randomly selected buildings within 300 meters delineated area along Taiwo road. Data collected were analysed along strata to give distance decay outfit for the study .The study discovered that the average rental value of buildings in the study area reduces with distance to Taiwo road. This is about N748, 000 for buildings within 100meters, N145, 000 for buildings within 200 meters and N79, 000 for buildings within 300 meters. Analysis of Variance F value of 10.409 with p-value of 0.000 at α value of 0.005 reveals that this spatial variation is statistically significant. In response, numbers of storey of buildings and use of buildings among other characteristics varies across strata. Generally, the predominant landuse in the study area is commercial landuse (55.5%), distantly followed by mixed landuse (24.4%) at the expense of residential landuse (16.7%) which cannot afford optimal investment return for use (0.06).Other factors that causes residential landuse change in the study area includes increase in commercial activities (0.15) and presence of road (0.20). Weighted rating reveals that the environmental dimension of these changes is evident in noise generation (4.64), lack of potable water (4.62) and high crime rate (4.55) among others..

The purpose of this contribution is to assess the opportunity of inter-municipal strategic alliances in Algeria. It aims at providing a precise answer to the question whether the inter-municipal strategic alliances are an efficient tool to reduce or even eliminate the inconsistencies in the current territorial division in Algeria. This paper presents the results of a survey administered via a questionnaire, drawn from the theoretical foundations of strategic alliances. The questionnaire, then, is divided in two sections. The first section provides a profile of respondents and develops methodological elements mobilized in the investigation. The second section gives details about the main results

Indonesia has 33 provinces with different ethnics and cultures that the presence is highly valuable.Therefore, Indonesia is known as the rich country with great diversity of art legacies and traditional culture expressions. This diversity is possibly prominent due to various ethnics living in Indonesia with their high level of creativity to invent the art and traditional cultural expression. As a multicultural ethnicity, Indonesia is a set of different types of people from various characters and original culture. Indonesia has a lot of artistic and cultural expression that comes from indigenous peoples which is inherited and can be used by anyone and at any time (the common heritage of mankind). As a national asset that has existed for hundreds of years ago, needs to be addressed more seriously in providing protection to traditional cultural expressions (EBT), which can be useful for the welfare of the nation because it has a high economic value. but ownership of traditional cultural expressions that vary have been used by foreigners, especially the developed countries without distribution of profits to Indonesia. at this point the protection of traditional cultural expressions in Indonesia simply by copyright (copyright) which in practice is very difficult and needs to urgently regulate specific legal rights (sui generis) regulating the use of traditional cultural expressions for the sake of national interests and the interests of indigenous peoples as the owner of expression traditional culture.