Using the interindustry input output tables of Indian economy obtained from World Input Output Database (Timmer et al., 2015) for the period 1995-2009, the study attempts to estimate the industry specific multipliers of Indian economy and further identifies the key industries with greatest output andemployment potential. The output and employment multipliers are analyzed after constituting a closed and open Leontief demand driven input output model. The open Leontief model gives type I multipliers of output and employment while closed Leontief model gives type II multipliers. These models are open and closed with respect to household sector. Thus, the study enables the comparative analysis of multiplier effects in terms of employment and output generation for each industry within the Indian economy. The results reveal that Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing output and employment , Food beverages and tobacco, Textiles and textile products, Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles; repair of household goods, Private households with employed persons are important industries of Indian economy.

Introduction to Cultural Ecology. Sutton and Anderson.North America:ALTAMIRA PRESS, 2004. PP.Xiii +384,1st Floor,Angel Court. 81 St Clements Street.ISBN 1 84520 056 X (Cloth) 1 84520 057 8 (Paper). Reviews of Book by Abdissa Ayana Biftu. into ten chapters. Chapter one deals with a very introduction of the concept anthropology, ecology, cultures and humans using some scientific inquiry. The second chapter provides the general conceptual frameworks and terms used in Ecology, Human Biological Ecology is explained in chapter three becoming to be considered as background to understanding and distinguishing cultural adaptations. Chapter four talk about cultural ecology in which knowledge is observed to be adaptive to cultural elements. Beside to this, chapter five deals with hunting and gathering with consideration of these terms as foraging. Generally, hunter-gatherers do not make intensive effort at environmental manipulation. The origin of food production is depicted in chapter six in dealing with the significant impact of agriculture on both the natural and cultural environment. In chapter seven, the issue of horticulture is dealt by giving a sort of emphasis to their utilization of wild resources. Chapter eight on the other hand, refers to pastoralism indicating the other aspects of agriculture for domestication of animals.

Prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes (PLROM) is common obstetric problem and one of the most common clinical event where a pregnancy can turn into a high risk situation for mother as well as fetus. Present study was undertaken in a rural tertiary care institute located in central India with the aim to study the distribution and correlation of socio-demographic factors in PLROM. The overall incidence of PLROM is 6.02% of all deliveries during the study period. Majority belonged to age group of 21-25 years (57.62%). Occurrences of PROM was more among booked cases (61.90%). The incidence of PLROM was more in primigravida.

This study examined the experiences of family members caring for a relative diagnosed with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Previous studies indicated that family members providing care for their loved one with schizophrenia experienced many challenges in the course of care-giving. Though family members experience both enrichments and challenges in caring for their loved one with mental illness little attention is paid to the comprehensive experiences of family members. This study addressed the aforementioned issue and contributed to limited studies on psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia where there are limited services, community service organizations, or legal frame-works on mental illness. The study used a qualitative case study approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight purposely selected participants. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and identify themes. The study indicated a variety of impacts of caregiving such as psycho-social and economic as well as enrichments such as progress on the illness, teaching their experiences, deriving hope from the situation, and satisfaction from sharing experiences with others. Understanding caregivers’ experiences may be useful in prompting governments and service providers to invest in education and support programs aimed at helping caregivers to cope with this stress and deal with the problem behaviours associated with the illness

In Ethiopian politico-legal history, since 1995 the federal constitution was built on the principle of accommodating diversity and shared distribution of power and responsibilities between the central, regional and local governments. However, disagreements on the effective protection of the rights of ethnic and occupational minorities are tremendous. Both the Federal and regional governments of Ethiopia are overlooked constitutional guarantees to minority ethnic groups which led to discrimination, alienation and marginalization. In this regard, the regional constitution of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) also faces couples of pitfalls in entertaining and ensuring ethnic and occupational equality of groups within its legal and constitutional realms. The major purpose of this study was therefore to explore the causes and consequences of marginalization and social inequality of the Manja ethnic minority, in reference to the SNNP’s constitutional powers and practices and the endeavors made so far to address the problem. To achieve the target of the study, multidisciplinary approaches such as web-based evidences, published and unpublished research outputs and personal observation have thoroughly employed. Moreover, the social exclusion theory and rights based perspective of exclusion and marginalization have used to analyze and discover the real picture of the problem in the Sothern Nations Nationalities and the peoples region of Ethiopia.

Background: United Nation Children‟s Fund estimates that as of 2010 there were 153 million orphaned children and adolescents living in the world. Thirty six percent of the world‟s orphans lives in Sub Saharan region. As of 2012, Ethiopia is estimated to have 1,988,731 Orphans of whom 530,630 are orphans due to HIV /AIDS and is one of the largest populations of Orphan and Vulnerable Children in Africa. However there is a little information about the effect of orphan hood and child vulnerabilities on child nutritional status in the study setting. Objective: To assess the nutritional status and associated factors among orphans and vulnerable preschool children on care and support from a nongovernmental organization. Methods: Community based Cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 orphan and vulnerable preschool children who were on care and support from Non Governmental Organization in Hawassa town, Southern Ethiopia. The data collection instruments were a structured pretested questionnaire, 24 dietary recall and anthropometric measurements. Data were entered using EPi-info software and exported to SPSS for analysis. The prevalence of malnutrition among Orphans and Vulnerable preschool Children was assessed by calculating the percentages using ENA for SMART 2007 software and analysis was made using WHO Standard cut off point below- 2 S.D using z-scores. Logistic Binary and multivariate analysis were carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on nutritional status explained as stunting ,wasting and underweight. Logistic regression was used to control any confounders at p value 0.05 with 95% CI. Results: This study revealed that, 35.1%, 8.9 % and 7.5 % of orphans and vulnerable children were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. The main associated factors of stunting were found to be children who have parents (AOR 3.717; 95% CI 1.405, 9.804), single care takers (AOR.259; 95% CI .751, .089) and Educational status secondary and above (AOR 2

The use of gravity fed drip irrigation systems is fast gaining popularity in Northern Nigeria. The drip kit uses gravity instead of a pump to provide the head (energy) for its operation. The water source (a tank or bucket) is usually place some meters above the ground to provide the pressure head. In the study reported herein, a field experiments were carried out at the Institute for Agricultural Research (I.A.R) irrigation farm Samaru-Nigeria during 2012/2013 irrigation season to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation scheduling, using the gravity drip kit, on yield and water use of a maize (SAMAZ 14 variety) crop. The field experiment consisted of eight treatments replicated three times. The treatments comprises of a control treatment which was given full irrigation (irrigated at 100 % water requirement) and a full deficit treatment which was irrigated at 50 % water requirement. The other treatments were irrigated at 50 and 75 % of water requirement at different growth stages of the maize crop. The irrigation interval was alternated between three and four days. The drip system layout consisted of three drip lines of 5 m long each per treatment, given a total of 72 lines for the entire field. The drip tape was 16 mm diameter with in-built emitters spaced 30 cm interval. The drip lines were spaced 60 cm apart in each treatment, and a 2000 litres capacity GeePee tank placed 3 m above the ground was used to supply water. The hydraulic performance was drip system was evaluated, grain yield and crop water use were measured and crop water productivity was computed. The average variation of the emitter flow rate was found to be 19.7 %, the emission uniformity was 92 %, while the distribution uniformity was 91.9 %; which implies even distribution of water through the drip system. The average discharge coefficient of variation was 6.34 % and the average coefficient of variation uniformity was calculated as 93.6 %. The overall application efficiency of the system was 92.2

Data mining techniques, while allowing the individuals to extract hidden knowledge on one hand, introduce a number of privacy threats on the other hand. In this paper, we study some of these issues along with a detailed discussion on the applications of various data mining techniques for providing security. An efficient classification technique when used properly, would allow an user to differentiate between a phishing website and a normal website, to classify the users as normal users and criminals based on their activities on Social networks (Crime Profiling) and to prevent users from executing malicious codes by labelling them as malicious. The most important applications of Data mining is the detection of intrusions, where different Data mining techniques can be applied to effectively detect an intrusion and report in real time so that necessary actions are taken to thwart the attempts of the intruder. Privacy Preservation, Outlier Detection, Anomaly Detection and PhishingWebsite Classification are discussed in this paper.

Fast development of precision agriculture in last years requires detailed maps for precise application of lime, manure and mineral fertilizers. Two kinds of maps are required: a general, base map, and application maps of a particular inputs. The general base map should contain management zones, resuming all factors affecting field management and fertilization, such as the water bodies, trees and windbreaks in direct neighborhood of the field, field topography, soil texture to a depth of about 1m, organic matter content, overall assessment of moisture/drainage conditions on the field and other factors, which may affect field management in long-term period. The application maps regarding a particular applications of lime, manure and mineral fertilizers should be prepared using the current results of soil analyses and the base map before each input application. Variable N application during crop vegetation should take into account also the weather conditions in a period preceding the application and current canopy N status or yield predicted in a particular vegetation period. The scale/resolution of the maps for precision agriculture should be concordant with the technical possibilities of the equipment used for application of various materials on a particular farm.

Fractal Image Compression (FIC) as a model was conceptualized in the 1989. In furtherance, there are numerous models that has been developed in the process. Existence of fractals were initially observed and depicted in the Iterated Function System (IFS), and the IFS solutions were used for encoding images. The process of IFS pertaining to any image constitutes much lesser space for recording than the actual image, which has led to the development of representation the image using IFS form, and how the image compression systems has taken shape. It is very important that the time consumed for encoding has to be addressed for achieving optimal compression conditions and predominantly the inputs that are shared in the solutions proposed in the study, depict the fact that despite of certain developments that has taken place, still there are potential chances of scope for improvement. From the review of exhaustive range of models that are depicted in the model, it is evident that over period of time, numerous advancements have taken place in the FCI model and is adapted at image compression in varied levels. This study focus on the existing range of literature on FCI and the insights of various models has been depicted in this study.