The objective of the study is to assess the reliability of distribution system and suggest solutions of reliability improvement in smart grid environment. A feeder, which has high rate of interruption, is selected as case study, for reliability improvement measures. This feeder, having two sectionalizing switches with calculated reliability indices: SAIDI of 0.23774 hr/customer/yr and SAIFI of 0.11887 int/customer/yr. The corresponding cost of energy not served plus discounted cost of sectionalizing switches is 698.581 US$/yr. A genetic algorithm optimization technique is developed to improve automation, reclosing and switching capacity of the feeder. A sectionalizer, an automatic circuit re closer, and three sectionalizing switches are integrated in the new design integrated with existing two switches. SAIDI value of 0.25001hr/customer/yr and SAIFI of 0.12301int/customer/yr for the feeder have been achieved. The corresponding cost of energy not served plus discounted cost of automation, reclosing and switching is 4598.100 US$/yr.

Current trend in the industry has seen multi-stacks ball grid array (BGA) being introduced to fulfill the increasing demands of the customer to includes both high performance and smaller size chip package. Conventional underfill encapsulation process on multi-stack BGA to to enhance the reliability of the package is still prone to undesired drawbacks of prolonged encapsulation time and incomplete filling. Accordingly, thermal energy is introduced by preheating the chip prior the underfill process is seen as a viable option to solve the slow filling time issue. A comparative experimental study is conducted on a scaled-up multi-stack BGA model for the cases at two distinct setups; at room temperature of 25°C and pre-heated at 70°C respectively. Decisive data has concluded that the setup with elevated temperature has prominently increase the filling rate by 75.2% with shorter completion filling time achieved. This justified the necessity of conducting the underfill process at an elevated temperature as a future operating procedure in the encapsulation process.

This paper is about the impact of World War I (1914- 1918) on the cocoa industry in Ghana. Scholars have examined the impact of the Great War on African political and economic sectors, but have downplayed the War’s impact on African economies, most especially cocoa industry in West Africa. I examine the effects of the war-time trade restrictions on cocoa industry in Ghana (which by then was the world’s largest producer of cocoa) in order to show the impact of the international political economy on dependent economies as well as the consequences of economic dependence on external market. Although the quantity of cocoa exported from Ghana increased from 1915, there was no corresponding increase in value due to the restriction of trade and suspension of market as the logic of the economy. The result of this was the abandonment of cocoa farms and economic downturn of cocoa farmers.

Nearly all (99%) of maternal death occur in the developing countries. The major reason for this huge magnitude of the problem is failure to use delivery care services in these countries. Little is known about the utilization and factors influencing the use of delivery care services. The aim of study is to assess utilization of delivery care services and influencing factors among women in Assosa District. A community based cross sectional study was conducted from May 17 – 31, 2012 on randomly selected samples of 536 women who had at least one delivery in the five years prior to the study. Structured questionnaire, FGD and in-depth interview guide were used to collect data. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 16.0. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. The result of the study reveals that out of the 525 study subjects 130(24.8%) attended their last delivery in health facility. Factors influencing institutional delivery services were being rural resident [AOR= 0.06, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.33], age at first pregnant >= 20 years [AOR= 2.15, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.22], ANC follow up [AOR= 7.02, 95%CI: 2.14, 18.98], having information on facility delivery[AOR= 2.49, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.58], occurrence of problems during pregnancy [AOR= 1.95, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.23], being knowledgeable on maternal health services [AOR=5.84, 95% CI: 1.03, 36.42], having favourable attitude towards delivery service[AOR= 9.25, 95% CI: 2.42, 35.33]and consulting others to made decision on place of delivery [AOR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.9,7.99]. Therefore, the study concluded that there is very low utilization of institutional delivery. It is still low as compared to national HSDP IV target. Socio-demographic, obstetric factors, knowledge, attitude and decision making power were identified as factors affecting institutional delivery care service utilization. Providing IEC and house-hold level discussion on the important of institutional delivery ser

This paper attempts to have an empirical analysis of the performance, growth, and potentiality of the Islamic Banking across the world with a particular reference to Bangladesh. To achieve its aim and objectives, initially, this paper reviewed the existing knowledge- followed by a qualitative method of documentation analysis of 8 Islamic banks in performance with 965 branches, 9 conventional banks with 20 branches of Islamic banking facilities and 7 conventional banks with 25 Islamic banking windows are providing Islamic banking services in Bangladesh. Comments are derived from the analysis of the findings of these banks. The findings revealed that Islamic Banking system becomes a popular term of banking to the people of Bangladesh.

Agroforestry systems are deliberately designed and managed to maximize positive interactions between tree and non-tree components and encompass a wide range of practices. The fundamental idea behind the practice of AF is that trees are an essential part of natural ecosystems, and their presence in agricultural systems provides a range of benefits to the soil, other plant species and overall biodiversity. They are also increasingly recognized as a tool for mitigating climate change and also aid in adaptation of farming communities. Significant research has been carried out over the years at a range of spatial scales and the impacts of agroforestry systems researched and reported in literature. In this paper, the impacts of AF systems on various aspects such as ecology and environment, aesthetics and culture, social and economic status of farmers practicing AF and finally, climate change mitigation and adaptation is discussed, based on a review of papers over a temporal and spatial scale. The paper also based on the review, summarizes some of the negative aspects of agroforestry. The concluding section highlights some of the limitations and the need for more research on agroforestry systems, given their emerging importance in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Labyrinth seals are a non-contacting sealing device consists of a series of cavities connected by small clearances. They are used in many places in gas turbine engine to optimize and improve their design using CFD, is of interest to this study with newer designs of labyrinth seal. Preliminary investigations were carried out to establish the baseline capability for CFD analysis of labyrinth seals using Fluent and also to finalize the turbulence model with mesh type, thereafter detailed 2-D axi-symmetric analyses with different geometries and configurations. The applications of the new labyrinth seal designs are important to meet future performance of gas turbine goals. This paper presents improved design of canted seal design using RANS equations, with Turbulence two equations k-w turbulence model using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).

The objective of this paper is to reflect on the relationship between conservatism as a state of mind and the international performance of family businesses. To achieve this, we opted for a dialectical approach associated with a narrative synthesis. Thus, two theses were highlighted. The first considers conservatism as a factor inhibiting internationalization. Because of their emotional attachment to the business and the stability of property, family businesses generally show a greater reduction in their innovativeness and their proactive than non-family businesses. The second theory considers conservatism as neutral or sometimes challenging internationalization. Great importance was given to the complex social resources which are the product of interactions between family members, and which are likely to ensure greater international performance.

Electronic support measure (ESM) system or Electronic Warfare Support (ES), is the subdivision of EW involving actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic (EM) energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations. To test an ESM system field environment is created by using various equipment and design tools.Testing a system is important part of designing and manufacturing a system and it is necessary in any field. To test an ESM system, it is difficult to test it near the theater of war. Testing an ESM system in the theater of war may result in expose of our information to the opponent nations. Therefore, in order to test an ESM system an artificial environment is created by using various equipment and design tools.

This paper describes about the review of The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism, which was written by Max Weber, translated by Talcott Parsons, and introduced by Anthony Giddens in 2005 in the publishing link of Routledge: London and New work. Weber produced most of his major works in the late 1800s and early 1900s (Glatzer, 1998). Weber was identified more as a historian who was concerned with sociological issues, but in the early 1900s his focus grew more and more sociological (Glatzer, 1998). More specifically, Weber devoted much of his attention to ideas and their effect on the economy (Allen, 2004). Rather than seeing ideas as simple reflections of economic factors, Weber saw them as fairly autonomous forces capable of profoundly affecting the economic world (Allen, 2004). He certainly devoted a lot of attention to ideas, particularly systems of religious ideas, and he was especially concerned with the impact of religious ideas on the economy (Ritzer, 2011). In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Weber, 1904–1905/1958), he was concerned with Protestantism, mainly as a system of ideas, and its impacts on the rise of another system of ideas, the “spirit of capitalism,” and ultimately on a capitalist economic system (Allen, 2004). Weber had a similar interest in other world religions, looking at how their nature might have obstructed the development of capitalism in their respective societies (Allen, 2004).