Ahmad Boestamam was among the earliest Malay nationalist figures who was at the forefront in voicing nationalism rights among the Malays. He tried to persuade the Malays to rise and assert their rights to fight for their lands. The Malays are the original natives of Malaya and should be brave to fight for democracy and the independence of Malaya. Looking at the political and economic situations at that time, the Malays were beginning to lag behind in all aspects of life. Thus, Ahmad Boestamam tried to awaken his people. Therefore, this paper describes his role and contribution in the efforts to raise awareness among the Malays in fighting the right of their soil. By referring to primary and secondary sources, this paper presents Ahmad Boestamam’s role as a nationalist in Malaya.

Self-esteem is one of the most pertinent notions that has enjoyed a long period of interest. Researches findings on self-esteem posit that a healthy level of self-esteem usually results in positive outcomes and reflects on behaviours, performances and even personal handwriting. Thus, the current paper highlights the eminence of self-esteem for foreign/second language teachers. It also aims at, not only measuring, but examining the connection between sundry selfesteem’ elements. First, in order to demonstrate the significance of self-esteem’ implication in teaching, a general definition to the teaching process is necessary. Second, we will essay to explain the main methodology and the primary tools selected. Finally, on the data analysis and interpretation, we will endeavour to suggest some techniques that can upsurge self-esteem.

The study was conducted with the objective of assessing available livestock feed resources from mixed farming system (MF) and shifting cultivation (SC) in Abobo woreda, Gambella Regional State. The study was done using a formal survey, focus group discussion, secondary data and field observations. Purposive sampling was employed to select 180 respondents (90 from each farming system) that have at least one livestock for the survey data collection. The number of cattle from MF was higher (p<0.05) than that of SC, while the number of goats and chicken from SC were higher (p<0.05) than MF. Natural pasture was the dominant feed resources during the wet season. Crop residue and browse forage species play a significant role during the dry season. The major livestock production constraints in the study area were disease and parasite (67%) followed by feed shortage (50%) and water scarcity (46%). From this study it was concluded that seasonal feed shortage and inefficient utilization are the major problems affecting livestock productivity. Poor conservation practices and lack of knowledge are among the critical constraints for inefficient utilization of available feed resources. In the short term strengthening extension, demonstration and training on effective utilization of available feed resources could play an important role in the improvement of livestock productivity in the area. Follow up evaluation of available feed resources including limiting anti-nutritional factors and animal performance on promising browse and grass species are priority areas of future research.

In this work, we present an a priori estimate for a scalar transmission problem of the Laplacian with parameter in R3. The solution at infinity is described in the family of weighted Sobolev spaces.

This paper assesses the performance of mobile messaging and VoIP connections. We compared the CPU requirements of WhatsApp and IMO under different scenarios. This analysis also enabled a comparison of the performance of these applications on two Android operating system (OS) versions: KitKat or Lollipop. Two models of smartphones were considered, viz. Galaxy Note 4 and Galaxy S4. The applications behavior was statistically investigated for both sending and receiving VoIP calls. Connections have been examined over 3G and WiFi. The handset model plays a decisive role in CPU requirements of the application. t-tests shown that IMO has a statistical better performance that WhatsApp whatever be the Android at a significance level 1%, on Galaxy Note 4. In contrast, WhatsApp requires less CPU than IMO on Galaxy S4 whatever be the OS and access (3G/WiFi). Galaxy Note 4 using WiFi has always better performance than S4 in terms of processing.

Phytochemical analysis on the pulverized leaf sample of Jatropha curcas as well as the insecticidal activity of the ethanolic leaf extract on Callosobruchus maculatus was carried out. The study investigated the mortality rate as a result of treatment of grains with the leaf extract at different dilutions of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mg/ml. These were tested against C. maculatus by treating 20g of bean sample with the extract and then infesting each in a plastic container with 20 adults of the insect and the untreated grains were used as the control. The plant extract resulted in a significant increase (P<0.001) in adult mortality at the end of 96 hours but there was no significance difference (P=0.084) after 24 hours. The result had a general dose-response characteristic. There was also significant variation in the phytochemical composition of the plant leaf. Compared to other phytochemicals, the concentration of saponin and tannin were higher in the plant leaf.

The synergistic activity of extracts of Lantana camara, Stachytarpheta indica and Allamanda blanchetii against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae were investigated. Ethanolic leaf extracts of these plants were tested separately and combined on Ae. aegypti larvae with concentration ranging from 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40mg/ml. In 72 hours bioassay experiment, mortalities were observed at the different time intervals but were highest at 40mg/ml concentration for the three plants independently, with the L. camara extract showing better larvicidal activity over the other plant extracts at 48 hours and 72 hours exposure. The LC50 of L. camara (6.08mg/ml), S. indica (8.15mg/ml) and A. blanchetii (6.44g/ml) indicates their ability to cause 50% larval mortality at such low concentrations. For the synergistic effects, all the concentrations exhibited high mortality at 48 hours and 72 hours exposure. The 40mg/ml showed the highest larvicidal activity (100% mortality) after 48 hours exposure with the L2:A1:S1 combination. Synergistic factor (S.F.) of 1.00, 1.27 and 0.94 were obtained for L. camara, S. indica and A. blanchetii. Synergism was recorded for L. camara and S. indica, while antagonism was recorded for A. blanchetii. Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of some active compounds including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides which may account for their mosquitocidal effects and at same time present them as an effective replacement to chemical insecticides. Combination of plant extracts is therefore strongly recommended to serve as a better mosquitocidal agent over the use of individual plant in mosquito control programs.

Background and Objectives: H. pylori are an accepted cause of chronic active gastritis and commonly associated with both gastric and duodenal ulcer. Moderate to severe gastritis increases the relative risk of developing peptic ulceration and eradication of the bacteria reduces duodenal ulcer recurrence. The effect of H pylori on the duodenal brush border membrane enzymes have not been studied extensively in this infection. This study evaluates the duodenal brush border enzymes between the H. pylori positive and negatives patients. Design, setting, participants & measurements: One hundred and nine patients, age range 20-84 years, mean age 56 years were included in the study. They presented to the endoscopy suite of UCHG with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The duodenal bulb was entirely normal and with no evidence of inflammation on endoscopic examination. Biopsies from the antrum were processed for histology and bacteriological culture. Two biopsies from the duodenal bulb were taken from each patient and were sealed in Para-film and stored at -20C0 until assayed for brush border enzymes.

The study was to evaluate the neurobehavioural and cognitive changes in Wistar rats administered carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHE) and their combination. Forty, apparently, healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing about 300 g were divided into four groups of 10 animals each. Group I rats were administered distilled water at 10 ml/kg. CBZ, 20 mg/kg, PHE 100 mg/kg and CBZ+PHE, 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively were administered to groups II, III and IV, per os. The regimens were given once daily for eight weeks, the rats were monitored for neurobehavioural and cognitive changes. The results showed that administration of CBZ, CBZ+PHE and PHE decreased (P < 0.05) locomotion of the treated rats. Rearing decreased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with PHE. Cognition was not significantly affected by the treatments. In conclusion, chronic administration of CBZ, PHE and CBZ+PHE decreased locomotion, while PHE alone decreased rearing in Wistar rats.

Stress is normally unavoidable part of everyone’s life living in this world. It portrays a negative notion that can have an impact on one’s mental and physical well-being. This paper is aimed at helping members to understand the signs of stress and to develop strategies to deal with it, as well as building up their own personal resilience. This study provides practical advice on how to deal with work stress. This paper implies Work-related stress occurs when there is a mismatch between the demands of the job and the resources and capabilities of the individual worker to meet those demands. Subjective and self reported evaluations of stress are just as valid as ‘objective’ data, such as statistics on accidents or absenteeism. It is intended that employers, managers and trade union representatives use this booklet as part of an initiative to educate on the management of work stress. Discussed are the nature of stress at work, the causes and effects of stress, as well as prevention strategies. Also discussed are the roles of the organizational culture in this process and the resources to be drawn upon for managing work stress.