Food is a basic human need for human survival. To achieve Millennium Development Goals, food security has become top most concern for Bangladesh. This paper examines performance, challenges and policies in food security in terms of availability, access, and absorption or nutrition. Specifically, this paper focuses on the progress in supply side of food in terms of availability at the national level and how far has Bangladesh progressed in attaining access to food and nutrition requirements at the household level. The paper argues in favor of strengthening the role of various social safety net programs, increasing subsidy in agriculture sector and enhancing purchasing power of the people food security production and availability of food grains. This paper has also given attention on the effect of inflation on price of food grains. The paper concludes that Bangladesh should target self-sufficiency in food grains production to satisfy domestic demand in normal production years.

Computer systems and their interconnections using networks have im-proved the dependence of both the organizations as well as the individuals on the stored information. This interconnection, in turn, has led to a heightened awareness of the need for data security and the protection of data and re- sources from electronic frauds, electronic eavesdropping, and networkbased attacks. Consequently, cryptography and network security have evolved, leading to the development of smart cards to enforce network security. Re-cently, Rafael Martinez-Pelez and Rico- Novella Francisco [1] pointed out vul-nerabilities in Wang et al. [2] scheme. In this paper, we cryptanalyze Wanget al. scheme and demonstrated that our proposed scheme withstands thevulnerabilities pointed out by Francisco et al. and it completes all the re-cent security requirements of [3]. We implemented the proposed scheme in MATLAB and demonstrated that our proposed scheme is not vulnerable to the shortcomings pointed out by Francisco et al. in their scheme.

In a study with N = 204 participants, artists (painters) demonstrated significantly higher levels of the trait of Engagement with Beauty than non-artists (medium effect size). Artists also showed significantly higher levels of trait Happiness than non-artists (small effect size). There appear to be no published studies comparing artists’ and non-artists’ levels of the trait of Engagement with Beauty nor trait Happiness. There was no difference in levels of engaging with moral beauty between artists and non-artists; but artists scored significantly higher on engagement with natural beauty (medium effect size), and engagement with artistic beauty (large effect size). The correlations between Engagement with Beauty and trait Happiness, and with Openness, were both positive and significant. However, artists showed no relationship between Openness and Happiness, whereas nonartists did; and the correlation between Engagement with Beauty and Happiness remained significant when controlling for Openness.

Given the significance of spatial data in planning, management and utilization of a road network in any society, the current study provides empirical spatial data on the road network of Jos city Centre, examine its quality, create a spatial and attribute database and analyzes its bearing on traffic flow situation. On-field data acquisition through measurement, observation and counting were used to collect information on the road network quality variables, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique was used to digitize and in combination with the road network quality attributes used to produce a spatial and attribute database for the road network of the study area. The data were analyzed in Arc GIS 10.3 software environment. This provides an avenue for spatial querying of the various attributes of the streets. The result of the finding reveal that 3.91% of the road network are in good condition, 19.55% are fairly good, 51.40% are at an average condition, 23.44% are below average and 1.68% are under repairs. These have shown that the quality of roads in the study area can be termed to be at an average, this is fair, but not good enough to facilitate an excellent accessibility to the various socio economic activities within and around Jos City Centre and its environs. To improve the level of accessibility, the need for the upgrading of existing roads and construction of new roads so as to improve the efficacy of accessibility within the city Centre is essential.

The Mobile Ad hoc Networks playing critical role in network aided communication requirements. The features such as ad hoc and open architecture based connectivity and node mobility are elevating the mobile ad hoc networks as much as feasible to deploy and use. The direct communication between any of two nodes in this network is possible if target node is in the range of source node. If not, the indirect communication took place, which is usually referred as multi hop routing. The multi hop routing occurs as either a unicast model (one source node to one destination node), multicast model (one source node to multiple destination nodes) or multiple casting (manifold unicast routing). In these routing strategies, provision of service quality in multi hop routing is a challenging task. The optimal quality of service in routing, magnifies the delivery ratio, transmission rate, network life span and other expected characteristics of the ad hoc routing. Among the quality service provision factors minimal energy conservation is prime factor, which is since the nodes involved in routing are self-energized and if discharged early then the route will be destructed that causes discontinued routing. The energy consumption is more specific in multicast routing, hence it is grabbing the more attention of the current research contributions.

The study of computer science and information systems requires commitment and dedication. Students must learn above and beyond the standard requirements in order to compete in the job market. Hence the motivation is the major driver to accomplish such requirements. This paper investigates the possible factors affecting students’ motivation at Computer Science and Information System College in Najran University. To find the best ways to improve student performance, academic planning, and improve college performance in general was behind the reason for the authors to study the motivation factors. Fifty undergraduate students from a computer and information college participated in this research. The students completed Academic Intrinsic Motivation Questionnaire (MSLQ) questionnaires. In addition, instructors answered interview questions related to factors affecting their students’ motivation. Instructors who participated in seminars and interview believes the English language is the major barrier affecting motivation. In addition, instructors believes incentives and strict regulation may help improving students’ motivation. Adding to incentives, the sense of completion is missing beside no enough recognition from college and instructors. The survey results shows students agreed that the Needs and Mastery factors motivate them. Whilst the students wasn’t able to decide on Power, Fear, Authority, and Peers motivation factors. The paper provides recommendations for college leaders and instructors on best ways to improve students’ motivation in order to reach better performance.

This study was conducted to determine the possibility of blending selected sweet potato flour to wheat flour to produce breads and to evaluate nutritional, anti-nutritional factors, quality and sensory attributes of breads. Because of its potential source of nutrients compared to yellow and white sweet potato varieties, orange sweet potato cultivar was selected for bread making and six blending ratios of its flour with wheat flour (0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75) were designed. Functional properties of composite flour such as wet gluten and water absorption capacity was decreased and, increased respectively as blending ratio of sweet potato flour increases. Quality parameters of breads such as loaf size (volume, specific volume and height) were significantly decreased but loaf weight was increased as blending ratio of sweet potato flour increases.

Background Development of pressure ulcer (PU) during hospital admission causes morbidity and distress to the patient, places immense strain on nursing resources and delaying patient’s discharge and possibly increasing mortality rates. Fracture neck of femur(NOF) in the elderly population is recognised as a high-risk factor for development of PU. Aims:The aim of this retrospective observational study was to analyse data to assess prevalence rates of PU development in NOF patients during hospital admission amongst the elderly population.Methods: The data was collected from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) on patients admitted with NOF between 1st April 2015 – 30th September 2015 in a Trauma and Orthopaedic Regional Centre Research Unit. East Sussex Hospital Trust.Results: 258 patients with NOFwere included in this study, predominantly females. NOF patients with PU were older and had prolonged average length of stay compared to patients with NOF without PU respectively (25.3 days Vs 19.2 days). Average body mass index (BMI) in NOF patients with PU was higher compared to patients with NOF without PU (24.45kg/m2 vs.23.4kg/m2 respectively, P = 0.038). This study showed an increased incidence rate of PU in the higher age group and those with higher BMI. Conclusions: Patients with NOF are at higher risk of malnutrition during hospital admission secondary to elevated nutritional requirements for wound healing and recovery. Therefore, authors recommend that all individuals are nutritionally screened on admission using a validated tool and commenced on appropriate nutritional support plan devised by specialist dietetic team

Radial Schrodinger equation for the doubly An-Harmonic oscillator is considered and the transformation to Bi-Confluent equation done in [13] are considered. Super-symmetry method of factorization is applied to the transformed equation in obtaining solutions of the Schrodinger equation. Partner potentials and super-potentials are obtained.

This article offers critical examination and explanation of the claim of “clan cleansing” in Somalia as was featured forcefully in the book by Lidwien Kapteijns on the 1991 Somali clan convulsions. Upon the publication of the book, conflicting narratives of the Somali conflicts were delegated from oral discourse to academic venture as the debate over who lost what, why and where in 1991 and over who won, what, why and where has become both a politicised project and an academic phenomenon. By re-evaluating the whole picture, the article casts a new light on Kapteijns’s book (2013) and demonstrates how inaccurate simplistic statements were used as a documentation of the clanised conflicts in 1991 Somalia. Blaming specific clans and communities of complicity for “clan cleansing,” when there is no reliable document and real proof, is tantamount to igniting a new round of warfare. Drawing on long experience of living and working in Mogadishu – the city this author was born and bred as well as the site of the conflict itself – and also using interviews conducted with players and bystanders of Somali politics across clan lines, the article argues that Kapteijns has produced the most mythicohistorical work in Somali Studies. In addition to identifying the invalidity of partisan and partial points, the article finds how Kapteijns lobbies for certain clans at the expense of others. Thus, the critique goes beyond the cleansing, exploring wider issues of war and conflict in Somalia.