The present study examines the contribution of women entrepreneur in different sectors of business and commerce that contribute to the national economic development in Bangladesh. The sectors to which they contribute most are Agriculture, Readymade Garments and Small Business Enterprises. A large majority of the households in Bangladesh depend upon agriculture and related activities like livestock rearing, fisheries and forestry. The ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh started in the late 1970s and became an important player in the economy. The industry has contributed to export earnings, foreign exchange earnings, employment creation, poverty alleviation and the empowerment of women. SME plays a significant role in the economy and it is also considered a major sector to contribute to sustainable development of our country. In Bangladesh SME provides over 87% of the total industrial employment and is responsible for the creation of over 33% of industrial value added goals. At present women entrepreneurs constitute less than 10% of the total business entrepreneur in Bangladesh.

Background: Nightmare(NM) and its various names is a well known phenomena In different societies. The synonyms (Bangungut) in Philippine is colloquially and culturally used to describe this phenomenon (NM). This enigma is called Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Among Adults (SUNDS) in USA, (pok kuri) in Japan, in Arab countries its name is gutham or khapoos. There is a strong a link between Bangungut (NM) and SUNDS, but SUNDS scientifically as a medical term does not mean nightmare or Bangungut .This paper focused on the enigma of Nightmare, and explores the risk factors which triggers NM (Bangungut) which might lead to death (SUNDS). Objectives: 1. To clarify (explain), the exact meaning of: Nightmare, Bangungut, SUNDS. 2. To determine the risk factors of NM (Bangungut), which might lead to death (SUNDS). 3. To explain the death mechanism of nightmare (Bangungot). 4. To postulate the mechanism, and criteria for diagnosis of NM (Bangungut).

The discovery of coal in Maiganga village has attracted the location of coal mining industry in the area to mine an estimated proven cold reserve of 4.5 million tons. Coal mining has a significant impact on people lively hood and the environment, the environmental shock ranges from environmental degradation to destruction of wildlife and their habitat while on the other hand coal mining contribute to national gross domestic product. Data for the study were collected by means of geo-information techniques, questionnaire, oral interview and field observation. Generated data were analysed through digital image processing using IDRISI Taiga and Arc GIS Software. Descriptive statistics was used to present result obtained. Result revealed a significant conversion of land cover features to mining pits by coal mining activities which forces resident of Maiganga to migrate from their original settlement. Observation reveals that most of the mining pits were not reclaimed. The study also shows that mining activity has negatively affected the communities’ lively hood, because most of the respondents complained of inadequate basic infrastructure in the area such as roads, pipe borne water, hospital and other basic public amenities. The study recommends Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and land reclamations by the mining industry in order to minimise the effect of coal mining on the environment. Furthermore the living condition of the affected communities needed to be given outmost priority to avoid hostile confrontation from the community as occurred in the past.

Knowledge Management System (KMS) is one way of organizing and documenting knowledge in an institution. Knowledge, considered as a new factor of production, becomes a key element in business processes. In the last few years, enterprise awareness about the worth of a correct KMS has grown exponentially. In many situations the quality of decisions made is very important; overcoming the deficiencies of human judgment is an important issue in the scientific community. In this study, we have proposed a mathematical model for knowledge transfer in order to make knowledge management mechanism or system take root in an organization and to obtain guidelines to make it work.

A statistical tool which can be used in various applications ranging from medical science to agricultural science is support vector machines. The proposed methodology used is support vector machine and it isused to classify a raster map. The dataset used herein is of Gujarat state agriculture map. The proposed approach is used to classify raster map into groups based on crop coverage of various crops. One group represents rice crop coverageand the othermillets crop coverage and yet another that of cotton crop coverage.Various statistical parameters are used to measure the efficacy of the proposed methodology employed.

Background: Globally, erectile dysfunction burden (ED) is rising appreciably and it is projected to affect about 332 million men by the year 2025. This rise is attributable to the rising incidence of conditions associated with ED including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and depression. We conducted this community-based screening to elucidate on the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among men residing in an urban community in Tanzania. Methods: We interviewed 441 men aged at least 18 years. Diabetes and hypertension were defined as per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) respectively. The 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) Scale was used to assess for erectile dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with ED.

Background: Population ageing, rapid urbanization and unhealthy lifestyles continue to transform global health. The prevalence of hypertension which currently affects over a billion people globally is rapidly increasing while the rates of its awareness, treatment and control remain low especially in developing nations. We aimed to determine the prevalence, awareness, control and associated factors for hypertension among residents of the largest district in Dar es Salaam. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, community-based survey in January 2016, 1831 persons were recruited. Physical activity was assessed using the physical activity vital sign scale (PAVS) and alcohol dependence was assessed by the CAGE questionnaire. Trained personnel measured and recorded blood pressure and anthropometric measures. Hypertension was defined according to the 7th Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) or use of blood pressure lowering medications. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with high blood pressure. Results: The mean age of participants was 43.6 years and 63.5% were women. 1.1% were current smokers, 5.3% were alcohol dependent, 64.3% had excess body weight, and 67% were physically inactive. 63.3% of individuals had hypertension, and 51% of these were unaware of their hypertensive status. Among those with hypertension awareness, 17.5% had their hypertension controlled. Age ≥40, male sex and BMI ≥25 were strongly associated with a newly diagnosed hypertension status, (OR 5.7, 95% CI 4.2-7.8, p<0.001; OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2, p<0.01; and OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.1-4.1, p<0.001 respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that excess body weight is a single modifiable risk factor strongly associated with high blood pressure. Majority of persons with high blood pressure are undetected and thus unaware of their hypertensive status. Furthermore, hypertension control rates are very low.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to July 2015 with the objective of determining sero-prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle in selected districts of Eastern Showa Zone, Oromia Regional. Blood samples were collected from a total of 634 cattle at Export abattoir, Veterinary Clinics in and around Bishoftu town of Adaa district and Bull screening quarantine station in Adama. The study animals were selected by systematic random sampling and blood samples were collected from jugular vein using sterile vacutainer tube. The blood samples were submitted to the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), and the serum were harvested and processed by using 3ABC-ELISA technique. The current study indicated the overall sero-prevalence of bovine FMD was 10.88% and statistically there were differences (P=0.002) in sero positivity of FMD among animals from Abattoir, Veterinary clinic and Feedlot. The sero-prevalence was higher in animals tested from export abattoirs than those from Feedlot and Clinics.

Becho Wereda has been perceived to have a surplus food situation for a long time. This study was therefore conducted with the main objective of looking into the reality of this long held perception in the area. To this effect, a total of 145 households were randomly sampled from the three purposively selected kebeles. Primary data were collected through Household Survey Questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion, Key Informant Interview, Individual Case Studies and Field Observation. Household Food Balance Model was used to quantify households’ daily per capita calorie available for consumption. Statistical techniques like frequency, percentage, and measures of central tendencies were mainly used to analyze the data. It was found out that, unlike the long held external perception, about 38% of the study households failed even to satisfy the minimum recommended daily per capita dietary caloric requirement for an active and healthy life. High fertilizer price, shortage of farm land, erratic rainfall pattern, water logging, poor soil fertility, lack of oxen, lack of grazing land, crop disease and insect pests, lack of improved seed supply, and lack of farm machineries were identified to have mainly constraining food production among the study households. Seasonality of food shortage was also found to prevail in the area against which households developed different behavioral and material responses. It is therefore likely to yield better results in terms of improved agricultural practices and technologies, and alternative employment opportunities for key productive asset poor households in the long run.

Over the years, Nigeria has faced series of development challenges despite the fact that the governments have constantly accessed credit facilities for national development. This contradiction became a source of worry for scholars, journalists, and commentators who began to question the management of the country’s foreign debt. The debate became more critical and controversial when Nigeria in attempt to wriggle itself out of the foreign debt burden negotiated “Debt Relief” with the major external creditors. While some individuals share the view that the negotiated debt relief actually relieved Nigeria from its financial burden; others contended that the purported “Debt Relief” more or less worsened Nigeria’s indebtedness to the creditors because the conditions like previous ones associated with the debt management strategies were more exploitative than palliative. Although attempts have been made to examine the country’s debt management strategies by investigating the trends in Nigeria’s debt profile, adequate research-based attention has not been given to the extent which the “Debt Relief” is effective and sustainable. Consequently, this paper is tailored towards addressing the questions: How effective were the debt management strategies adopted by the Nigerian government in addressing debt crisis? Has the debt relief granted to Nigeria in 2006 actually relieved the country from the debt burden? How sustainable is the debt relief? This study is therefore meant to analyse Nigeria’s foreign debt management and the challenges of sustainability. In the light of the dependency theory and time-series analysis, it is argued that Nigeria only enjoyed temporary relief from the debt crisis because the management strategies adopted so far were not effective as to ensure sustainability.